compulsory · CSS study notes

Bucket 7 — Conflict, Criticism & Agreement

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Best for: Current Affairs and IR, to describe diplomatic tension and settlement. 7 words (2 repeats).

Urdu: سخت سرزنش کرنا، کڑی تنقید کرنا
Meaning: criticise or punish severely
Syn: reprimand, rebuke, chastise, berate · Ant: praise, commend, laud, applaud
✍️ Use: The Auditor-General's report castigated ministries for unspent development funds.
🧠 Hook: a cast on your arm at the school gate: the punishment everyone sees.

Urdu: مذمت، سرکاری سرزنش
Meaning: formal, strong disapproval
Syn: condemnation, reprimand, rebuke, criticism · Ant: approval, praise, commendation, endorsement
✍️ Use: The UN resolution censured the occupying power for targeting civilians.
🧠 Hook: the censor's official "No". A parliament passes a censure motion.

Urdu: تسلیم کرنا، ہار ماننا، دستبردار ہونا
Meaning: admit that something is true; surrender or yield
Syn: admit, acknowledge, yield, grant · Ant: deny, contest, dispute, resist
✍️ Use: A mature democracy is one where the loser concedes defeat gracefully.
🧠 Hook: cede = give up, as in secede → con-cede = give ground.

Urdu: مصالحتی، صلح جویانہ
Meaning: intended to placate or make peace
Syn: placatory, appeasing, peacemaking, pacific · Ant: antagonistic, hostile, provocative, belligerent
✍️ Use: The foreign minister struck a conciliatory tone after the border skirmish.
🧠 Hook: a council called to make peace; re-concile = bring back together.

Urdu: متنازع، جھگڑالو
Meaning: causing or likely to cause argument; controversial
Syn: controversial, disputed, divisive, debatable · Ant: uncontroversial, agreed, harmonious, settled
✍️ Use: Kalabagh Dam remains the most contentious water project in Pakistan's history.
🧠 Hook: contend (fight) → a topic everyone contends over.

Urdu: تصدیق کرنا، شواہد سے تائید کرنا
Meaning: confirm or strengthen a statement, claim, or testimony with additional independent evidence
Syn: substantiate, verify, confirm, validate · Ant: refute, contradict, disprove, undermine
✍️ Use: Independent forensic evidence corroborated the witness's account of the incident.
🧠 Hook: co- = together + robust = strong → more evidence makes a claim stronger. Full entry → Bucket 3.

Urdu: تند مزاج، جلد غصے میں آنے والا
Meaning: easily angered; having a quick and often uncontrollable temper
Syn: irritable, hot-tempered, testy, cantankerous · Ant: calm, placid, even-tempered, patient
✍️ Use: The irascible minister responded angrily to even mild criticism from opposition lawmakers.
🧠 Hook: irascible sounds like irritated → someone who gets irritated and angry very quickly. Full entry → Bucket 5.