compulsory · CSS study notes
Bucket 16 — Positive Qualities & Virtues
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Best for: describing visionary leaders, ethical governance and successful reforms. 10 words.
1. AMIABLE (adj.)
- Urdu: خوش مزاج، دوستانہ
- Meaning: having a friendly and pleasant manner
- Syn: friendly, affable, genial, cordial · Ant: hostile, unfriendly, surly, disagreeable
- ✍️ Use: The talks ended on an amiable note, though no agreement was signed.
- 🧠 Hook: ami (French: friend) → friend-able.
2. BENEFICENT (adj.)
- Urdu: نیکی کرنے والا، فیاض
- Meaning: doing or producing good; generous
- Syn: benevolent, charitable, kind, generous · Ant: malevolent, cruel, harmful, maleficent
- ✍️ Use: The beneficent waqf system once funded hospitals and schools across the Muslim world.
- 🧠 Hook: bene (good) + facere (do) → doing good. Opposite: male-ficent.
3. ESTIMABLE (adj.)
- Urdu: قابلِ قدر، قابلِ تحسین
- Meaning: worthy of great respect
- Syn: admirable, commendable, respectable, praiseworthy · Ant: contemptible, despicable, unworthy
- ✍️ Use: Dr. Ruth Pfau's estimable work nearly eradicated leprosy in Pakistan.
- 🧠 Hook: held in high esteem.
4. MAGNANIMOUS (adj.)
- Urdu: عالی ظرف، بڑے دل والا، درگزر کرنے والا
- Meaning: generous or forgiving, especially towards a rival or less powerful person
- Syn: generous, noble, forgiving, big-hearted · Ant: petty, vindictive, mean-spirited, spiteful
- ✍️ Use: The Prophet's (PBUH) magnanimous general amnesty at the conquest of Makkah remains a model of statecraft.
- 🧠 Hook: magna (great) + animus (soul) → a great soul.
5. MUNIFICENT (adj.)
- Urdu: نہایت سخی، فیاض
- Meaning: very generous in giving
- Syn: generous, lavish, bountiful, liberal · Ant: stingy, miserly, parsimonious, mean
- ✍️ Use: A munificent endowment allowed the university to offer free tuition.
- 🧠 Hook: muni sounds like money + ficent (doing) → doing money, giving freely.
6. PROBITY (n.)
- Urdu: دیانتداری، امانت داری
- Meaning: strong moral principles; complete honesty
- Syn: integrity, honesty, rectitude, uprightness · Ant: dishonesty, corruption, deceit, turpitude
- ✍️ Use: Public office demands financial probity, not just legal compliance.
- 🧠 Hook: a man who has been probed and found honest.
7. PRUDENT (adj.)
- Urdu: دوراندیش، محتاط، سمجھدار
- Meaning: acting with care and thought for the future
- Syn: wise, sensible, judicious, cautious · Ant: reckless, rash, imprudent, careless
- ✍️ Use: Prudent debt management would have spared Pakistan repeated IMF programmes.
- 🧠 Hook: a shortened form of pro-vident (seeing ahead).
8. SAGACIOUS (adj.)
- Urdu: دانا، دانشمند، زیرک
- Meaning: having keen judgement and sound wisdom
- Syn: wise, shrewd, astute, perspicacious · Ant: foolish, stupid, unwise, obtuse
- ✍️ Use: Sagacious leadership reads crises before they arrive.
- 🧠 Hook: like a sage (wise elder).
9. SALUBRIOUS (adj.)
- Urdu: صحت بخش، صحت افزا
- Meaning: health-giving; (of a place) pleasant and clean
- Syn: healthy, wholesome, beneficial, invigorating · Ant: unhealthy, insalubrious, noxious, polluted
- ✍️ Use: The British built hill stations like Murree for their salubrious climate.
- 🧠 Hook: salus (health) → a salute to your health.
10. WINSOME (adj.)
- Urdu: دلکش، من موہن
- Meaning: attractive or appealing in a fresh, innocent way
- Syn: charming, engaging, endearing, appealing · Ant: repulsive, unattractive, unappealing
- ✍️ Use: Her winsome smile won over even the stern interview panel.
- 🧠 Hook: she wins some hearts with her charm.