Bucket 53 — Government Styles & Rulers

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Best for: Political Science and History. Learn the -cracy / -archy roots: -cracy = rule by, -archy = rule of. 5 words (1 repeat).

1. EGALITARIAN (adj.)

• Urdu: مساوات پسند
• Meaning: believing that all people are equal and deserve equal rights
• Syn: equal, democratic, classless, fair · Ant: elitist, hierarchical, discriminatory, unequal
• ✍️ Use: The Madinan state was built on egalitarian principles that erased tribal privilege.
• 🧠 Hook: French égal (equal) → equal-itarian.

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2. HIERARCHY (n.)

• Urdu: درجہ بندی، مراتبی نظام
• Meaning: a system in which people are ranked one above another
• Syn: ranking, pecking order, chain of command, order · Ant: equality, egalitarianism, flatness
• ✍️ Use: Rigid hierarchy in the bureaucracy discourages junior officers from speaking up.
• 🧠 Hook: higher-archy: some are higher than others. (Source spells it "Heirarchy"; correct is hierarchy.)

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3. OLIGARCHY (n.)

• Urdu: چند افراد کی حکومت، اشرافیہ
• Meaning: government by a small group of people
• Syn: elite rule, junta, cabal, ruling class · Ant: democracy, rule of the many
• ✍️ Use: Critics argue that Pakistan's democracy is in practice an oligarchy of a few families.
• 🧠 Hook: oligos (few) + archy (rule) → rule by the few.

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4. PLUTOCRACY (n.)

• Urdu: امراء کی حکومت، سرمایہ داروں کا راج
• Meaning: government by the wealthy
• Syn: oligarchy, rule of the rich, moneyed elite · Ant: democracy, egalitarianism, meritocracy
• ✍️ Use: When elections cost billions, democracy slides into plutocracy.
• 🧠 Hook: Plutus, Greek god of wealth + cracy (rule).

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5. POTENTATE (n.) 🔁

• Urdu: طاقتور حکمران · powerful ruler · Syn: sovereign · Ant: subject · Full entry → Bucket 1