compulsory · CSS study notes
Bucket 61 — Structure & Physical Support
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Best for: the "framework" of governance or infrastructure. 5 words (2 repeats).
1. BUTTRESS (v./n.) 🔁
- Urdu: سہارا دینا · support, reinforce · Syn: underpin · Ant: undermine · Full entry → Bucket 48
2. DOVETAIL (v.)
- Urdu: آپس میں مکمل طور پر جڑنا، ہم آہنگ ہونا
- Meaning: fit together easily or conveniently
- Syn: fit together, harmonise, interlock, coincide · Ant: clash, conflict, diverge, separate
- ✍️ Use: Provincial plans must dovetail with national climate commitments.
- 🧠 Hook: a carpenter's dovetail joint, shaped like a dove's tail, locks two pieces perfectly.
3. GRAFT (n./v.)
- Urdu: رشوت، ناجائز کمائی؛ پیوند لگانا
- Meaning: bribery and corruption in office; (v.) join tissue or a plant shoot onto another
- Syn: corruption, bribery, kickbacks / implant, splice · Ant: honesty, probity / remove
- ✍️ Use: Graft in public procurement inflates the cost of every road and hospital.
- 🧠 Hook: a graft adds foreign tissue; graft adds illegal money to your pocket.
4. LUMBER (v.)
- Urdu: بھاری قدموں سے بے ڈھنگے پن سے چلنا؛ بوجھ ڈال دینا
- Meaning: move in a slow, heavy, awkward way; (lumber with) burden someone
- Syn: trudge, plod, stumble / saddle, burden · Ant: glide, dart, skip, float
- ✍️ Use: Loss-making state enterprises lumber on, draining the treasury every year.
- 🧠 Hook: a heavy piece of lumber (timber) moving slowly.
5. STRUT (n./v.) 🔁
- Urdu: سہارا دینے والی پٹی؛ اکڑ کر چلنا · a brace; to swagger · Full entry → Bucket 48