CSS Prepare

compulsory · CSS study notes

Bucket 25 — Conflict, Tension & Hostility

🥊

Best for: International Relations and war analysis. 7 words (1 repeat).

1. ANTAGONIZE (v.)

  • Urdu: دشمن بنا لینا، مخالفت پر اکسانا
  • Meaning: cause someone to become hostile
  • Syn: provoke, alienate, anger, offend · Ant: pacify, placate, conciliate, win over
  • ✍️ Use: Pakistan cannot afford to antagonize either Washington or Beijing.
  • 🧠 Hook: turn someone into your antagonist (villain).

2. CONTENTIOUS (adj.) 🔁

  • Urdu: متنازع · likely to cause argument · Syn: controversial · Ant: agreed · Full entry → Bucket 7

3. FRACTIOUS (adj.)

  • Urdu: شرارتی، نافرمان، جھگڑالو
  • Meaning: irritable and quarrelsome; hard to control
  • Syn: unruly, quarrelsome, rebellious, divided · Ant: docile, obedient, cooperative, united
  • ✍️ Use: A fractious coalition government can rarely pass difficult reforms.
  • 🧠 Hook: causes fractures in a group.

4. INIMICAL (adj.)

  • Urdu: مضر، مخالف، دشمنانہ
  • Meaning: tending to obstruct or harm; hostile
  • Syn: harmful, detrimental, hostile, adverse · Ant: favourable, friendly, beneficial, conducive
  • ✍️ Use: Frequent strikes are inimical to a stable investment climate.
  • 🧠 Hook: in + amicus (friend) → not a friend, an enemy. Pattern: "inimical to X".

5. PUGNACIOUS (adj.)

  • Urdu: لڑاکا، جنگجو
  • Meaning: eager or quick to argue or fight
  • Syn: combative, belligerent, aggressive, quarrelsome · Ant: peaceable, conciliatory, meek, pacific
  • ✍️ Use: A pugnacious foreign policy leaves little room for diplomacy.
  • 🧠 Hook: pugnus (fist) → a pugilist (boxer); a little pug dog always ready to fight.

6. TRUCULENT (adj.)

  • Urdu: جارح، سخت گیر، دشمنی پر آمادہ
  • Meaning: eager to argue or fight; aggressively defiant
  • Syn: belligerent, defiant, hostile, pugnacious · Ant: gentle, cooperative, amiable, docile
  • ✍️ Use: The truculent tone of the joint statement alarmed neighbouring capitals.
  • 🧠 Hook: a truck that runs over everything in its way.

7. FRACAS (n.)

  • Urdu: ہنگامہ، شور شرابہ، ہاتھا پائی
  • Meaning: a noisy disturbance or quarrel
  • Syn: brawl, scuffle, fight, commotion · Ant: peace, calm, harmony, agreement
  • ✍️ Use: A fracas broke out on the assembly floor during the budget session.
  • 🧠 Hook: sounds like a crash; pronounced FRAK-ah.