compulsory · CSS study notes
Bucket 32 — Authority, Leadership & Respect
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Best for: History and Political Science. 6 words (2 repeats).
1. AUGUST (adj.)
- Urdu: باوقار، معزز، شاندار
- Meaning: respected and impressive; majestic
- Syn: distinguished, eminent, venerable, majestic · Ant: lowly, humble, undistinguished, ignoble
- ✍️ Use: The august house of parliament too often descends into a shouting match.
- 🧠 Hook: Emperor Augustus, the grand and majestic. Stress: au-GUST (the month is AU-gust).
2. DEFERENCE (n.)
- Urdu: احترام، تابعداری
- Meaning: polite submission and respect
- Syn: respect, regard, submission, compliance · Ant: disrespect, defiance, contempt, insolence
- ✍️ Use: Excessive deference to seniority stifles innovation in the civil service.
- 🧠 Hook: you defer (step aside) for a senior. "In deference to" = out of respect for.
3. EMINENT (adj.) 🔁
- Urdu: ممتاز، نامور · famous and respected · Syn: distinguished · Ant: obscure · Full entry → Bucket 6
4. LIONIZE (v.)
- Urdu: ہیرو بنا دینا، بے حد سراہنا
- Meaning: treat someone as a celebrity
- Syn: celebrate, glorify, idolise, acclaim · Ant: vilify, disparage, belittle, snub
- ✍️ Use: Societies that lionize wealth over merit breed corruption.
- 🧠 Hook: treat him like the lion, king of the jungle.
5. POTENTATE (n.) 🔁
- Urdu: طاقتور حکمران · powerful ruler · Syn: sovereign · Ant: subject · Full entry → Bucket 1
6. VENERATE (v.)
- Urdu: تعظیم کرنا، عقیدت سے احترام کرنا
- Meaning: regard with great respect; revere
- Syn: revere, honour, esteem, idolise · Ant: despise, scorn, disdain, disrespect
- ✍️ Use: The Quaid is venerated across the political spectrum, even by those who ignore his vision.
- 🧠 Hook: Latin venus (love, charm) → love mixed with awe. Adj: venerable.