compulsory · CSS study notes
Bucket 46 — Praise & Excessive Flattery
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Best for: Précis tone and character analysis. Genuine praise: approbation, encomium, kudos, panegyric. Fake praise: fawn, sycophant. 6 words (1 repeat).
1. APPROBATION (n.)
- Urdu: منظوری، تعریف، پذیرائی
- Meaning: approval or praise, especially official
- Syn: approval, praise, endorsement, acclaim · Ant: disapproval, censure, opprobrium, condemnation
- ✍️ Use: The reform won the approbation of both the World Bank and local business.
- 🧠 Hook: approb-ation → approval. Opposite: opprobrium (Bucket 68).
2. ENCOMIUM (n.)
- Urdu: مدح، بھرپور تعریف، قصیدہ
- Meaning: a speech or piece of writing that praises someone highly
- Syn: eulogy, tribute, panegyric, accolade · Ant: criticism, condemnation, diatribe, invective
- ✍️ Use: The obituary was an encomium to a lifetime of public service.
- 🧠 Hook: words that come only with praise.
3. FAWN (v.)
- Urdu: خوشامد کرنا، تلوے چاٹنا
- Meaning: try to please someone by flattery and excessive attention
- Syn: flatter, grovel, toady, kowtow · Ant: defy, confront, scorn, snub
- ✍️ Use: Courtiers fawned over the emperor while the empire decayed.
- 🧠 Hook: a fawn (baby deer) nuzzling submissively. Usually "fawn over/on".
4. KUDOS (n.)
- Urdu: شاباش، ستائش، اعزاز
- Meaning: praise and honour received for an achievement
- Syn: praise, acclaim, credit, prestige · Ant: criticism, disgrace, blame, shame
- ✍️ Use: Kudos to the rescue teams who reached the village within hours.
- 🧠 Hook: Greek kudos (glory). It is singular: "kudos is".
5. PANEGYRIC (n.)
- Urdu: قصیدہ، مدح سرائی
- Meaning: a public speech or text in praise of someone
- Syn: eulogy, encomium, tribute, homage · Ant: diatribe, tirade, criticism, denunciation
- ✍️ Use: State media turned the anniversary into a panegyric for the ruling party.
- 🧠 Hook: pan (all) + agyris (assembly) → praise delivered before all the assembly.
6. SYCOPHANT (n.) 🔁
- Urdu: خوشامدی · flatterer of the powerful · Syn: toady · Ant: critic · Full entry → Bucket 5