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compulsory · CSS study notes

Bucket 56 — Physical Properties & Resistance

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Best for: structural or policy resilience metaphors. 4 words.

1. IMPERMEABLE (adj.)

  • Urdu: غیر نفوذ پذیر، جس سے کچھ گزر نہ سکے
  • Meaning: not allowing fluid (or ideas) to pass through
  • Syn: impervious, waterproof, sealed, impenetrable · Ant: permeable, porous, absorbent, penetrable
  • ✍️ Use: The elite remains impermeable to ideas that threaten its privileges.
  • 🧠 Hook: im (not) + per (through) + meare (pass) → nothing passes through.

2. IMPERVIOUS (adj.)

  • Urdu: بے اثر، جس پر اثر نہ ہو، ناقابلِ نفوذ
  • Meaning: not allowing fluid to pass; unable to be affected by
  • Syn: resistant, immune, unaffected, impenetrable · Ant: susceptible, vulnerable, sensitive, permeable
  • ✍️ Use: The government seemed impervious to public criticism of the fuel price hike.
  • 🧠 Hook: no pervious (opening) at all. Pattern: "impervious to".

3. VISCID (adj.)

  • Urdu: چپچپا، لیسدار
  • Meaning: having a thick, sticky consistency
  • Syn: sticky, viscous, gluey, gummy · Ant: fluid, runny, thin, watery
  • ✍️ Use: Viscid oil from the spill coated the mangroves off Karachi.
  • 🧠 Hook: like viscous honey; vis = thickness.

4. TORTUOUS (adj.)

  • Urdu: پیچ دار، ٹیڑھا میڑھا، الجھا ہوا
  • Meaning: full of twists and turns; excessively complex
  • Syn: winding, twisting, convoluted, complicated · Ant: straight, direct, simple, straightforward
  • ✍️ Use: The tortuous process of registering a business deters young entrepreneurs.
  • 🧠 Hook: Latin torquere (twist, as in torque). ⚠️ Trap: torturous = painful.