compulsory · CSS study notes
V-2 / W / X / Y / Z — Vituperate to Zest (41 words)
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The last page of the bank: the end of V, then W, X, Y and Z. 41 words, from Vituperate to Zest.
1. VITUPERATE (v.)
- Urdu: برا بھلا کہنا، سخت سست کہنا
- Meaning: to blame or insult in strong, violent language
- Synonyms: revile, berate, vilify, castigate, denounce
- Antonyms: praise, commend, laud, extol
- Use: Politicians vituperate against rivals instead of debating policy.
2. VIVACIOUS (adj.)
- Urdu: زندہ دل، پرجوش
- Meaning: attractively lively and animated
- Synonyms: lively, spirited, bubbly, sparkling, animated
- Antonyms: dull, listless, lifeless, lethargic
- Use: The vivacious host kept the audience engaged.
3. VOCIFEROUS (adj.)
- Urdu: شور مچانے والا، بلند آہنگ
- Meaning: expressing opinions loudly and forcefully
- Synonyms: vehement, loud, strident, outspoken, clamorous
- Antonyms: quiet, silent, reticent, restrained
- Use: Vociferous protests forced a rollback of the tax.
4. VOLATILE (adj.)
- Urdu: غیر مستحکم، تیزی سے بدلنے والا؛ اڑنے والا
- Meaning: liable to change rapidly and unpredictably
- Synonyms: unstable, unpredictable, explosive, erratic, capricious
- Antonyms: stable, steady, constant, calm
- Use: The stock market remained volatile ahead of elections.
5. VOLITION (n.)
- Urdu: ارادہ، مرضی
- Meaning: the power of using one's will
- Synonyms: free will, choice, will, preference, discretion
- Antonyms: compulsion, coercion, force, obligation
- Use: He resigned of his own volition.
6. VOLUBLE (adj.)
- Urdu: باتونی، روانی سے بولنے والا
- Meaning: speaking fluently and at length
- Synonyms: talkative, loquacious, garrulous, chatty, articulate
- Antonyms: taciturn, reticent, quiet, laconic
- Use: The voluble guest dominated the conversation.
7. VOLUMINOUS (adj.)
- Urdu: ضخیم، بہت بڑا
- Meaning: occupying great space; very lengthy
- Synonyms: capacious, bulky, extensive, copious, lengthy
- Antonyms: small, brief, slim, concise
- Use: The commission produced a voluminous report.
8. VORACIOUS (adj.)
- Urdu: بہت زیادہ کھانے والا؛ شوقین
- Meaning: wanting great quantities of food; very eager
- Synonyms: insatiable, ravenous, greedy, avid, keen
- Antonyms: satisfied, indifferent, apathetic
- Use: A voracious reader finishes two books a week.
9. VOUCH (v.)
- Urdu: ضمانت دینا، تصدیق کرنا
- Meaning: to assert or confirm as true from experience
- Synonyms: guarantee, attest, certify, stand behind, support
- Antonyms: deny, reject, refute
- Use: I can vouch for his honesty.
10. VULGAR (adj.)
- Urdu: بے ہودہ، بازاری
- Meaning: lacking good taste; crude
- Synonyms: crude, coarse, indecent, tasteless, uncouth
- Antonyms: refined, tasteful, decent, elegant
- Use: Vulgar language has no place in Parliament.
11. VULNERABLE (adj.)
- Urdu: غیر محفوظ، آسانی سے متاثر ہونے والا
- Meaning: exposed to the possibility of harm
- Synonyms: exposed, susceptible, defenceless, unprotected, weak
- Antonyms: invulnerable, safe, protected, resilient
- Use: Pakistan is among the countries most vulnerable to climate change.
12. WAIVE (v.)
- Urdu: دستبردار ہونا، معاف کرنا
- Meaning: to refrain from insisting on a right or rule
- Synonyms: relinquish, forgo, renounce, set aside, exempt
- Antonyms: enforce, insist on, claim, impose
- Use: The university waived fees for flood-affected students.
13. WANE (v.)
- Urdu: گھٹنا، زوال پذیر ہونا
- Meaning: to decrease in power or extent
- Synonyms: decline, diminish, decrease, ebb, fade
- Antonyms: wax, grow, increase, strengthen
- Use: Public interest in the issue soon waned.
14. WANTON (adj.)
- Urdu: بلا وجہ، بے دردی سے؛ بے لگام
- Meaning: deliberate and unprovoked; unrestrained
- Synonyms: deliberate, gratuitous, malicious, unprovoked, reckless
- Antonyms: justified, provoked, restrained, careful
- Use: The wanton destruction of forests must stop.
15. WARY (adj.)
- Urdu: محتاط، ہوشیار
- Meaning: feeling or showing caution about danger
- Synonyms: cautious, careful, circumspect, chary, guarded
- Antonyms: unwary, careless, trusting, reckless
- Use: Investors are wary of sudden policy shifts.
16. WAVER (v.)
- Urdu: ڈگمگانا، تذبذب کا شکار ہونا
- Meaning: to be undecided; to become unsteady
- Synonyms: vacillate, hesitate, falter, dither, fluctuate
- Antonyms: decide, resolve, stand firm, persist
- Use: The nation never wavered in its support for Palestine.
17. WAYWARD (adj.)
- Urdu: آوارہ، بے راہ، ضدی
- Meaning: difficult to control because of unpredictable behaviour
- Synonyms: wilful, headstrong, unruly, errant, perverse
- Antonyms: obedient, docile, compliant, well-behaved
- Use: The wayward son returned home after years.
18. WEAN (v.)
- Urdu: عادت چھڑانا؛ دودھ چھڑانا
- Meaning: to make someone give up a habit or dependence
- Synonyms: detach, break the habit, withdraw, free, disengage
- Antonyms: addict, attach, habituate
- Use: Pakistan must wean itself off imported fuel.
19. WHEEDLE (v.)
- Urdu: چکنی چپڑی باتوں سے منوانا
- Meaning: to persuade through flattery
- Synonyms: coax, cajole, inveigle, sweet-talk, charm
- Antonyms: force, compel, coerce, order
- Use: The child wheedled money out of his grandfather.
20. WHET (v.)
- Urdu: تیز کرنا، بڑھانا (شوق یا بھوک)
- Meaning: to sharpen; to excite (desire or interest)
- Synonyms: sharpen, hone; stimulate, arouse, kindle
- Antonyms: blunt, dull; dampen, suppress
- Use: The trailer whetted the audience's appetite.
21. WHIMSICAL (adj.)
- Urdu: من موجی، انوکھا
- Meaning: playfully quaint; acting on whims
- Synonyms: fanciful, playful, capricious, quirky, impulsive
- Antonyms: serious, sensible, predictable, practical
- Use: Whimsical decisions destroy institutional stability.
22. WILY (adj.)
- Urdu: مکار، چالاک
- Meaning: skilled at gaining advantage by deceit
- Synonyms: cunning, crafty, sly, shrewd, artful
- Antonyms: naive, ingenuous, guileless, honest
- Use: The wily politician switched parties before every election.
23. WINSOME (adj.)
- Urdu: دلکش، پرکشش
- Meaning: attractive or appealing in a fresh, innocent way
- Synonyms: charming, engaging, endearing, appealing, winning
- Antonyms: unattractive, repellent, disagreeable
- Use: The child's winsome smile won everyone over.
24. WISTFUL (adj.)
- Urdu: حسرت بھرا، یادوں میں کھویا ہوا
- Meaning: having a feeling of vague, regretful longing
- Synonyms: nostalgic, yearning, longing, melancholy, pensive
- Antonyms: content, cheerful, satisfied, indifferent
- Use: Elders speak wistfully of pre-Partition Lahore.
25. WITHER (v.)
- Urdu: مرجھانا، سوکھ جانا
- Meaning: to become dry and shrivelled; to decline
- Synonyms: wilt, shrivel, droop, fade, decline
- Antonyms: flourish, bloom, thrive, prosper
- Use: Crops withered in the drought.
26. WITHSTAND (v.)
- Urdu: مقابلہ کرنا، برداشت کرنا
- Meaning: to remain undamaged by; to resist
- Synonyms: resist, endure, bear, survive, hold out against
- Antonyms: succumb, yield, surrender, give in
- Use: New buildings must withstand earthquakes.
27. WITTY (adj.)
- Urdu: ظریف، بذلہ سنج
- Meaning: showing quick and inventive verbal humour
- Synonyms: humorous, clever, amusing, droll, sharp
- Antonyms: dull, humourless, boring, serious
- Use: Mushtaq Yusufi's witty prose delights readers.
28. WOE (n.)
- Urdu: دکھ، غم، مصیبت
- Meaning: great sorrow or distress
- Synonyms: misery, sorrow, grief, anguish, distress
- Antonyms: joy, happiness, delight, bliss
- Use: The economy's woes deepened after the floods.
29. WRATH (n.)
- Urdu: غضب، قہر
- Meaning: extreme anger
- Synonyms: fury, rage, anger, ire, indignation
- Antonyms: calm, pleasure, happiness, forgiveness
- Use: The government faced the wrath of voters.
30. WRETCHED (adj.)
- Urdu: بدحال، خستہ حال
- Meaning: in a very unhappy or unfortunate state; very bad
- Synonyms: miserable, pitiful, unhappy, dismal, squalid
- Antonyms: happy, fortunate, excellent, cheerful
- Use: Brick-kiln workers live in wretched conditions.
31. WRY (adj.)
- Urdu: طنزیہ (خشک مزاح کے ساتھ)
- Meaning: using dry, mocking humour
- Synonyms: ironic, sardonic, dry, sarcastic, droll
- Antonyms: earnest, serious, straightforward
- Use: He gave a wry smile at the promise of cheap sugar.
32. XENOPHOBIA (n.)
- Urdu: غیر ملکیوں سے نفرت یا خوف
- Meaning: dislike or prejudice against people from other countries
- Synonyms: racism, chauvinism, bigotry, intolerance, nativism
- Antonyms: xenophilia, tolerance, openness, cosmopolitanism
- Use: Rising xenophobia in Europe affects Pakistani migrants.
33. YEARN (v.)
- Urdu: تڑپنا، شدید خواہش کرنا
- Meaning: to have an intense longing
- Synonyms: long, pine, crave, ache, hanker
- Antonyms: dislike, loathe, be indifferent
- Use: Overseas workers yearn for home during Eid.
34. YIELD (v./n.)
- Urdu: پیداوار دینا؛ ہار ماننا
- Meaning: to produce; to give way; an amount produced
- Synonyms: produce, generate; surrender, submit; output, harvest
- Antonyms: resist, withstand; loss
- Use: Wheat yield per acre remains low in Pakistan.
35. YOKE (n./v.)
- Urdu: جوا، غلامی کا طوق
- Meaning: a wooden bar joining oxen; oppressive control
- Synonyms: bondage, subjugation, servitude, oppression, burden
- Antonyms: freedom, liberty, independence
- Use: Muslims of India threw off the colonial yoke in 1947.
36. ZANY (adj.)
- Urdu: مسخرا، عجیب و غریب اور مزاحیہ
- Meaning: amusingly unconventional and idiosyncratic
- Synonyms: eccentric, madcap, wacky, quirky, comical
- Antonyms: serious, sober, conventional, sensible
- Use: The zany comedy became a surprise hit.
37. ZEAL (n.)
- Urdu: جوش، ولولہ
- Meaning: great energy or enthusiasm for a cause
- Synonyms: passion, fervour, ardour, enthusiasm, eagerness
- Antonyms: apathy, indifference, lethargy, reluctance
- Use: Volunteers worked with great zeal in the relief camps.
38. ZEALOT (n.)
- Urdu: متعصب، انتہا پسند
- Meaning: a person who is fanatical in pursuing their ideals
- Synonyms: fanatic, extremist, radical, bigot, militant
- Antonyms: moderate, sceptic, liberal
- Use: Zealots have no tolerance for debate.
39. ZEALOUS (adj.)
- Urdu: پرجوش، سرگرم
- Meaning: having or showing great zeal
- Synonyms: fervent, ardent, passionate, eager, keen
- Antonyms: apathetic, indifferent, half-hearted, unenthusiastic
- Use: A zealous officer cleared the backlog in a month.
40. ZENITH (n.)
- Urdu: عروج، بلند ترین نقطہ
- Meaning: the highest point; the peak of power or success
- Synonyms: peak, pinnacle, summit, apex, acme
- Antonyms: nadir, bottom, low point, base
- Use: The Mughal Empire reached its zenith under Akbar.
41. ZEST (n.)
- Urdu: ذوق شوق، امنگ
- Meaning: great enthusiasm and energy
- Synonyms: enthusiasm, gusto, relish, eagerness, vigour
- Antonyms: apathy, indifference, boredom, lethargy
- Use: He approached every task with zest.
🏁 End of the A–Z bank
That completes the alphabet. Revise it in reverse (Z → A) once, since the later letters get less revision time.