compulsory · CSS study notes
L / M-1 — Lackadaisical to Meagre (50 words)
🔤
Letter L and the start of M: 50 words, from Lackadaisical to Meagre.
1. LACKADAISICAL (adj.)
- Urdu: بے دل، سست، لاپروا
- Meaning: lacking enthusiasm and determination
- Synonyms: lazy, careless, apathetic, half-hearted, lethargic
- Antonyms: enthusiastic, diligent, energetic, keen
- Use: His lackadaisical attitude cost him the job.
2. LACKLUSTRE (adj.)
- Urdu: بے رونق، پھیکا
- Meaning: lacking energy or brilliance
- Synonyms: dull, uninspired, flat, mediocre, drab
- Antonyms: brilliant, dazzling, exciting, vibrant
- Use: The team gave a lacklustre performance.
3. LAMBASTE (v.)
- Urdu: سخت تنقید کرنا، لتاڑنا
- Meaning: to criticise harshly
- Synonyms: criticise, berate, castigate, censure, slam
- Antonyms: praise, commend, applaud
- Use: The media lambasted the police's slow response.
4. LAMENT (v./n.)
- Urdu: ماتم کرنا، افسوس کرنا؛ نوحہ
- Meaning: to mourn or express regret; a mournful poem
- Synonyms: mourn, grieve, bemoan, deplore, elegy
- Antonyms: celebrate, rejoice, cheer
- Use: Poets lament the decline of Urdu reading.
5. LANGUID (adj.)
- Urdu: سست، نڈھال
- Meaning: lacking energy; slow and relaxed
- Synonyms: listless, lethargic, sluggish, feeble, languorous
- Antonyms: vigorous, energetic, lively
- Use: The summer heat made everyone languid.
- 🔁 CSS 2013
6. LARCENY (n.)
- Urdu: چوری
- Meaning: theft of personal property
- Synonyms: theft, stealing, robbery, pilfering
- Antonyms: restitution, honesty
- Use: He was jailed for grand larceny.
- 🔁 CSS 2006
7. LARGESSE (n.)
- Urdu: فیاضی، بخشش
- Meaning: generosity in giving money or gifts
- Synonyms: generosity, munificence, bounty, liberality, charity
- Antonyms: meanness, stinginess, parsimony
- Use: Politicians distribute largesse before elections.
8. LATENT (adj.)
- Urdu: پوشیدہ، مخفی (صلاحیت)
- Meaning: existing but not yet developed or visible
- Synonyms: dormant, hidden, potential, undeveloped, concealed
- Antonyms: manifest, active, obvious, developed
- Use: Education unlocks latent talent.
9. LAUDABLE (adj.)
- Urdu: قابلِ تعریف
- Meaning: deserving praise
- Synonyms: praiseworthy, commendable, admirable, creditable
- Antonyms: blameworthy, shameful, reprehensible
- Use: The flood relief effort was laudable.
- 🔁 CSS 2020
10. LAVISH (adj./v.)
- Urdu: فضول خرچ، شاہانہ؛ نچھاور کرنا
- Meaning: sumptuously rich; to give generously
- Synonyms: luxurious, opulent, extravagant, sumptuous, generous
- Antonyms: frugal, meagre, plain, stingy
- Use: Lavish weddings are banned after 10 pm in Punjab.
11. LAX (adj.)
- Urdu: ڈھیلا، لاپروا
- Meaning: not strict or careful enough
- Synonyms: slack, careless, lenient, negligent
- Antonyms: strict, rigorous, careful
- Use: Lax enforcement encourages violations.
- 🔁 CSS 2018
12. LENIENT (adj.)
- Urdu: نرم، رحم دل
- Meaning: more merciful or tolerant than expected
- Synonyms: merciful, tolerant, forgiving, indulgent, easy-going
- Antonyms: strict, harsh, severe, stern
- Use: The judge gave a lenient sentence to the first offender.
13. LETHARGIC (adj.)
- Urdu: سست، کاہل، بے جان
- Meaning: sluggish and apathetic
- Synonyms: sluggish, sleepy, listless, inactive, torpid
- Antonyms: energetic, lively, active, vigorous
- Use: Fasting in summer makes many people lethargic.
14. LEVITY (n.)
- Urdu: غیر سنجیدگی، مذاق
- Meaning: treating serious matters with humour or lack of respect
- Synonyms: frivolity, humour, flippancy, light-heartedness
- Antonyms: seriousness, gravity, solemnity
- Use: His jokes brought levity to the tense meeting.
- 🔁 CSS 2022 (option)
15. LIAISON (n.)
- Urdu: رابطہ، تعاون
- Meaning: communication or cooperation between groups
- Synonyms: contact, communication, link, cooperation, connection
- Antonyms: separation, disconnection
- Use: He works as the ministry's liaison officer.
16. LIBEL (n./v.)
- Urdu: تحریری ہتکِ عزت، بہتان
- Meaning: a published false statement damaging reputation
- Synonyms: defamation, slander, calumny, smear, vilification
- Antonyms: praise, compliment, vindication
- Use: The minister sued the paper for libel.
17. LICENTIOUS (adj.)
- Urdu: بدچلن، بے لگام
- Meaning: disregarding accepted rules, especially sexual ones
- Synonyms: debauched, immoral, dissolute, wanton, lewd
- Antonyms: moral, chaste, virtuous, restrained
- Use: The court's licentious lifestyle angered the public.
18. LIMPID (adj.)
- Urdu: شفاف، صاف
- Meaning: clear and transparent (of water or style)
- Synonyms: clear, transparent, lucid, crystal, pellucid
- Antonyms: murky, turbid, cloudy, muddy
- Use: The limpid waters of Attabad Lake amaze tourists.
19. LINGER (v.)
- Urdu: ٹھہرنا، دیر تک رہنا
- Meaning: to stay longer than necessary; to persist
- Synonyms: remain, stay, persist, loiter, dawdle
- Antonyms: leave, depart, vanish, hurry
- Use: The smell of smoke lingered for days.
20. LIONIZE (v.)
- Urdu: ہیرو بنانا، بہت اہمیت دینا
- Meaning: to treat as a celebrity
- Synonyms: celebrate, glorify, idolise, acclaim, fete
- Antonyms: ignore, snub, belittle, vilify
- Use: The nation lionized the returning champions.
21. LISTLESS (adj.)
- Urdu: بے دل، سست
- Meaning: lacking energy or enthusiasm
- Synonyms: lethargic, languid, apathetic, spiritless, weary
- Antonyms: energetic, lively, enthusiastic
- Use: The patient felt listless after the fever.
22. LITIGIOUS (adj.)
- Urdu: مقدمہ باز
- Meaning: too ready to take legal action
- Synonyms: quarrelsome, argumentative, contentious, disputatious
- Antonyms: peaceable, conciliatory, agreeable
- Use: Land disputes make rural Punjab litigious.
23. LIVID (adj.)
- Urdu: غصے سے آگ بگولا؛ نیلا
- Meaning: furiously angry; bluish in colour
- Synonyms: furious, enraged, irate, incensed, fuming
- Antonyms: calm, pleased, happy, composed
- Use: Farmers were livid at the water shortage.
24. LOATHE (v.)
- Urdu: شدید نفرت کرنا
- Meaning: to feel intense dislike for
- Synonyms: hate, detest, abhor, despise, abominate
- Antonyms: love, adore, like, cherish
- Use: He loathes dishonesty.
25. LOFTY (adj.)
- Urdu: بلند، اعلیٰ؛ مغرور
- Meaning: of imposing height; noble; haughty
- Synonyms: high, towering, noble, exalted, arrogant
- Antonyms: low, humble, base, modest
- Use: The party has lofty ideals but little action.
26. LOQUACIOUS (adj.)
- Urdu: باتونی
- Meaning: talkative
- Synonyms: talkative, garrulous, voluble, verbose
- Antonyms: taciturn, reticent, silent
- Use: The loquacious guide never stopped talking.
- 🔁 CSS 2014, 2016, 2024
27. LUCID (adj.)
- Urdu: واضح، صاف؛ ہوش مند
- Meaning: expressed clearly; able to think clearly
- Synonyms: clear, intelligible, comprehensible, coherent, rational
- Antonyms: confused, obscure, unclear, muddled
- Use: He writes in a lucid style.
- 🔁 CSS 2015
28. LUCRATIVE (adj.)
- Urdu: منافع بخش
- Meaning: producing a lot of profit
- Synonyms: profitable, gainful, remunerative, rewarding
- Antonyms: unprofitable, loss-making
- Use: Freelancing has become lucrative for Pakistani youth.
- 🔁 CSS 2023
29. LUDICROUS (adj.)
- Urdu: مضحکہ خیز
- Meaning: so foolish as to be amusing
- Synonyms: absurd, ridiculous, laughable, preposterous
- Antonyms: sensible, reasonable, logical
- Use: The idea of a hundred-storey building in the village is ludicrous.
- 🔁 CSS 2013
30. LUGUBRIOUS (adj.)
- Urdu: غمگین، ماتمی
- Meaning: looking or sounding sad and dismal
- Synonyms: mournful, gloomy, doleful, sombre, melancholy
- Antonyms: cheerful, happy, jovial, merry
- Use: He spoke in a lugubrious voice.
31. LULL (n./v.)
- Urdu: وقفۂ سکون؛ سلانا، پرسکون کرنا
- Meaning: a temporary calm; to calm or soothe
- Synonyms: pause, respite, calm, hush; soothe, pacify
- Antonyms: activity, storm, turmoil; arouse, agitate
- Use: There was a lull in the fighting during Eid.
32. LURID (adj.)
- Urdu: سنسنی خیز؛ شوخ رنگ
- Meaning: very vivid in colour; shocking and sensational
- Synonyms: sensational, shocking, graphic, garish, vivid
- Antonyms: mild, dull, restrained, understated
- Use: Tabloids printed lurid details of the crime.
- 🔁 CSS 2012 (option)
33. LUMINOUS (adj.)
- Urdu: روشن، چمکدار
- Meaning: full of or shedding light; bright
- Synonyms: bright, shining, radiant, glowing, brilliant
- Antonyms: dark, dim, dull, gloomy
- Use: The luminous full moon lit the desert.
34. MAGNANIMOUS (adj.)
- Urdu: عالی ظرف، فراخ دل
- Meaning: generous or forgiving, especially towards a rival
- Synonyms: generous, charitable, big-hearted, noble, forgiving
- Antonyms: petty, mean, vindictive, selfish
- Use: The Prophet (PBUH) was magnanimous at the conquest of Makkah.
35. MAGNATE (n.)
- Urdu: سرمایہ دار، بڑا تاجر
- Meaning: a wealthy and influential businessperson
- Synonyms: tycoon, mogul, baron, industrialist, plutocrat
- Antonyms: pauper, nobody, employee
- Use: A property magnate funded the hospital.
- 🔁 CSS 2014 (synonym of plutocrat)
36. MALADY (n.)
- Urdu: بیماری، مرض، برائی
- Meaning: a disease or ailment; a problem
- Synonyms: illness, disease, ailment, affliction, disorder
- Antonyms: health, cure, remedy, wellness
- Use: Corruption is a social malady.
37. MALEVOLENT (adj.)
- Urdu: بدخواہ، کینہ پرور
- Meaning: wishing to do evil to others
- Synonyms: malicious, spiteful, hostile, wicked, malignant
- Antonyms: benevolent, kind, friendly, beneficent
- Use: He gave a malevolent smile.
38. MALFEASANCE (n.)
- Urdu: سرکاری بدعنوانی، غلط کاری
- Meaning: wrongdoing, especially by a public official
- Synonyms: misconduct, wrongdoing, corruption, malpractice, abuse
- Antonyms: integrity, honesty, lawfulness
- Use: NAB investigates cases of malfeasance.
39. MALICIOUS (adj.)
- Urdu: بدنیت، کینہ پرور
- Meaning: intending to do harm
- Synonyms: spiteful, malevolent, vindictive, hostile, cruel
- Antonyms: benign, kind, benevolent
- Use: Malicious rumours ruined his reputation.
- 🔁 CSS 2026 (antonym of benign)
40. MALIGN (v./adj.)
- Urdu: بدنام کرنا؛ مضر
- Meaning: to speak harmful untruths about; harmful
- Synonyms: defame, slander, vilify, smear; harmful
- Antonyms: praise, defend; benign
- Use: He was maligned by his political rivals.
41. MALIGNANT (adj.)
- Urdu: مہلک (رسولی)، بدخواہ
- Meaning: (of a disease) very harmful and spreading; malevolent
- Synonyms: cancerous, deadly, virulent, malevolent, harmful
- Antonyms: benign, harmless, kind
- Use: The tumour was found to be malignant.
42. MALLEABLE (adj.)
- Urdu: چکنا، جسے شکل دی جا سکے؛ اثر قبول کرنے والا
- Meaning: able to be shaped; easily influenced
- Synonyms: pliable, ductile, flexible, pliant, impressionable
- Antonyms: rigid, brittle, inflexible, stubborn
- Use: Gold is the most malleable metal.
43. MANDATE (n./v.)
- Urdu: عوامی مینڈیٹ، اختیار؛ حکم دینا
- Meaning: an official order or authority given by voters
- Synonyms: authority, authorisation, command, directive, sanction
- Antonyms: prohibition, ban, veto
- Use: The party won a clear mandate in the election.
44. MANDATORY (adj.)
- Urdu: لازمی، ضروری
- Meaning: required by law or rules
- Synonyms: compulsory, obligatory, required, binding, essential
- Antonyms: optional, voluntary, discretionary
- Use: Part-I MCQs are mandatory in the CSS paper.
45. MANIFEST (adj./v.)
- Urdu: ظاہر، واضح؛ ظاہر کرنا
- Meaning: clear and obvious; to show
- Synonyms: obvious, evident, clear, apparent; display, reveal
- Antonyms: hidden, obscure, latent, recondite
- Use: His guilt was manifest.
- 🔁 CSS 2022 (antonym of recondite)
46. MANIPULATE (v.)
- Urdu: ہیرا پھیری کرنا، چالاکی سے قابو کرنا
- Meaning: to control or influence cleverly or unfairly
- Synonyms: exploit, control, influence, rig, finagle
- Antonyms: leave alone, be honest
- Use: Cartels manipulate sugar prices.
- 🔁 CSS 2025 (synonym of finagle)
47. MARRED (adj./v.)
- Urdu: بگڑا ہوا، خراب کیا گیا
- Meaning: spoiled or impaired
- Synonyms: spoiled, damaged, tarnished, blemished, ruined
- Antonyms: enhanced, improved, flawless
- Use: The election was marred by violence.
48. MARTIAL (adj.)
- Urdu: فوجی، جنگی
- Meaning: relating to war or the armed forces
- Synonyms: military, warlike, soldierly, combative
- Antonyms: civilian, peaceful
- Use: Pakistan saw martial law four times.
49. MAVERICK (n.)
- Urdu: آزاد سوچ رکھنے والا، انوکھا
- Meaning: an independent-minded person
- Synonyms: nonconformist, individualist, rebel, free spirit
- Antonyms: conformist, traditionalist, follower
- Use: He was a maverick in a conservative party.
50. MEAGRE (adj.)
- Urdu: قلیل، ناکافی
- Meaning: lacking in quantity or quality
- Synonyms: scanty, inadequate, paltry, sparse, insufficient
- Antonyms: abundant, plentiful, ample, generous
- Use: Many families survive on meagre incomes.