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C-2 — Clemency to Corollary (50 words)

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Letter C, part 2: 50 words, from Clemency to Corollary.

1. CLEMENCY (n.)

  • Urdu: رحم، نرمی، معافی
  • Meaning: mercy or lenience, especially in punishment
  • Synonyms: mercy, leniency, compassion, forgiveness, pardon
  • Antonyms: severity, harshness, cruelty, ruthlessness
  • Use: The President granted clemency to the prisoner.

2. CLICHÉ (n.)

  • Urdu: گھسا پٹا جملہ، فرسودہ اندازِ بیان
  • Meaning: an overused phrase or idea
  • Synonyms: platitude, commonplace, truism, stock phrase, banality
  • Antonyms: original idea, novelty, innovation
  • Use: "Time is money" is a cliché examiners dislike.

3. COALESCE (v.)

  • Urdu: یکجا ہونا، مل کر ایک ہونا
  • Meaning: to come together to form one whole
  • Synonyms: merge, unite, fuse, combine, amalgamate
  • Antonyms: disperse, separate, split, divide
  • Use: Several parties coalesced into one alliance.
  • 🔁 CSS 2024

4. COERCE (v.)

  • Urdu: مجبور کرنا، زبردستی کروانا
  • Meaning: to persuade by force or threats
  • Synonyms: force, compel, pressure, intimidate, bully
  • Antonyms: persuade, coax, cajole, allow
  • Use: Workers were coerced into voting for the owner's candidate.

5. COGENT (adj.)

  • Urdu: مدلل، قائل کرنے والا
  • Meaning: clear, logical and convincing
  • Synonyms: convincing, compelling, persuasive, sound, forceful
  • Antonyms: weak, unconvincing, feeble, flimsy
  • Use: He gave cogent reasons for the policy change.

6. COGITATE (v.)

  • Urdu: غور و فکر کرنا
  • Meaning: to think deeply about something
  • Synonyms: ponder, contemplate, meditate, reflect, deliberate
  • Antonyms: ignore, neglect, disregard
  • Use: She cogitated on the question before answering.

7. COGNIZANT (adj.)

  • Urdu: باخبر، آگاہ
  • Meaning: having knowledge or awareness
  • Synonyms: aware, conscious, informed, mindful, knowledgeable
  • Antonyms: unaware, ignorant, oblivious
  • Use: The government is cognizant of the water crisis.

8. COHERENT (adj.)

  • Urdu: مربوط، منطقی، واضح
  • Meaning: logical and consistent; clearly expressed
  • Synonyms: logical, consistent, lucid, rational, orderly
  • Antonyms: incoherent, confused, muddled, disjointed
  • Use: A good essay presents a coherent argument.

9. COLLUSION (n.)

  • Urdu: ساز باز، ملی بھگت
  • Meaning: secret cooperation to cheat or deceive
  • Synonyms: conspiracy, complicity, connivance, plotting, intrigue
  • Antonyms: honesty, opposition, independence
  • Use: Officials acted in collusion with the smugglers.

10. COLLOQUIAL (adj.)

  • Urdu: بول چال کا
  • Meaning: used in ordinary conversation, not formal writing
  • Synonyms: informal, conversational, everyday, vernacular
  • Antonyms: formal, literary, standard
  • Use: Avoid colloquial words in official letters.
  • 🔁 CSS 2026

11. COMMENSURATE (adj.)

  • Urdu: متناسب، ہم پلہ
  • Meaning: in proportion to
  • Synonyms: proportionate, corresponding, equivalent, matching
  • Antonyms: disproportionate, inadequate, unequal
  • Use: Punishment should be commensurate with the crime.

12. COMPENDIUM (n.)

  • Urdu: خلاصہ، جامع مجموعہ
  • Meaning: a collection of concise but detailed information
  • Synonyms: collection, compilation, digest, anthology, summary
  • Antonyms: (no true antonym)
  • Use: The book is a compendium of Pakistani folk tales.

13. COMPLACENT (adj.)

  • Urdu: خود مطمئن، غافل
  • Meaning: smugly satisfied and unaware of danger
  • Synonyms: smug, self-satisfied, careless, unconcerned
  • Antonyms: vigilant, alert, anxious, concerned
  • Use: Don't become complacent after passing the MPT.

14. COMPLAISANT (adj.)

  • Urdu: فرماں بردار، خوش خلقی سے ماننے والا
  • Meaning: willing to please others; obliging
  • Synonyms: obliging, accommodating, compliant, amenable, agreeable
  • Antonyms: obstinate, stubborn, uncooperative, defiant
  • Use: The complaisant host agreed to every request.
  • Trap: complacent = smug.

15. COMPLIANT (adj.)

  • Urdu: تابعدار، قواعد کے مطابق
  • Meaning: obeying rules; overly willing to obey
  • Synonyms: obedient, submissive, docile, conforming, acquiescent
  • Antonyms: defiant, rebellious, disobedient, non-compliant
  • Use: Banks must be FATF-compliant.

16. COMPUNCTION (n.)

  • Urdu: ضمیر کی خلش، پشیمانی
  • Meaning: a feeling of guilt that prevents or follows wrongdoing
  • Synonyms: remorse, guilt, regret, scruple, contrition
  • Antonyms: shamelessness, indifference, callousness
  • Use: He lied without any compunction.

17. CONCEDE (v.)

  • Urdu: تسلیم کرنا، ہار ماننا
  • Meaning: to admit that something is true; to surrender
  • Synonyms: admit, acknowledge, accept, yield, surrender
  • Antonyms: deny, dispute, reject, resist
  • Use: The candidate conceded defeat gracefully.

18. CONCILIATE (v.)

  • Urdu: منانا، صلح کرانا
  • Meaning: to stop someone being angry; to reconcile
  • Synonyms: placate, appease, pacify, reconcile, mollify
  • Antonyms: antagonise, provoke, alienate, anger
  • Use: The PM tried to conciliate the angry allies.

19. CONCISE (adj.)

  • Urdu: مختصر اور جامع
  • Meaning: giving much information clearly in few words
  • Synonyms: brief, succinct, terse, pithy, compact
  • Antonyms: verbose, wordy, lengthy, rambling
  • Use: A précis must be concise.

20. CONCUR (v.)

  • Urdu: متفق ہونا، ہم رائے ہونا
  • Meaning: to agree; to happen at the same time
  • Synonyms: agree, accord, assent, coincide, harmonise
  • Antonyms: disagree, differ, dissent, object
  • Use: Two judges concurred with the majority verdict.

21. CONDESCEND (v.)

  • Urdu: تنزل فرمانا؛ حقیر سمجھنا
  • Meaning: to act as if one is superior; to stoop
  • Synonyms: patronise, deign, stoop, look down on, talk down
  • Antonyms: respect, esteem, honour, look up to
  • Use: Don't condescend to people less educated than you.
  • 🔁 CSS 2013 (deign = condescend)

22. CONDONE (v.)

  • Urdu: نظر انداز کرنا، معاف کرنا
  • Meaning: to accept or overlook wrong behaviour
  • Synonyms: overlook, excuse, pardon, tolerate
  • Antonyms: condemn, censure, punish
  • Use: The school will not condone bullying.
  • 🔁 CSS 2020

23. CONDUCIVE (adj.)

  • Urdu: موافق، سازگار، معاون
  • Meaning: making a situation likely or possible
  • Synonyms: favourable, helpful, beneficial, advantageous, supportive
  • Antonyms: unfavourable, harmful, detrimental, adverse
  • Use: A quiet room is conducive to study.

24. CONFIDANT (n.)

  • Urdu: راز دار، معتمد دوست
  • Meaning: a person one trusts with private matters
  • Synonyms: close friend, intimate, confidante, adviser, ally
  • Antonyms: enemy, stranger, adversary
  • Use: She was the Quaid's closest confidant.

25. CONFLAGRATION (n.)

  • Urdu: بڑی آگ، آتش زدگی؛ جنگ
  • Meaning: an extensive fire; a large conflict
  • Synonyms: blaze, inferno, fire, war, conflict
  • Antonyms: peace, calm (no exact antonym)
  • Use: The conflagration destroyed the market.

26. CONFLUENCE (n.)

  • Urdu: سنگم، اجتماع، دریاؤں کا ملاپ
  • Meaning: the junction of two rivers; a coming together
  • Synonyms: junction, meeting, convergence, union, merger
  • Antonyms: divergence, separation, split
  • Use: Attock lies near the confluence of the Kabul and Indus rivers.

27. CONFORMITY (n.)

  • Urdu: مطابقت، پیروی
  • Meaning: behaviour in accordance with accepted standards
  • Synonyms: compliance, obedience, conventionality, agreement
  • Antonyms: nonconformity, rebellion, dissent, deviation
  • Use: The rules demand conformity with the dress code.

28. CONFOUND (v.)

  • Urdu: حیران کرنا، غلط ثابت کرنا
  • Meaning: to cause surprise or confusion; to prove wrong
  • Synonyms: baffle, bewilder, perplex, astonish, confuse
  • Antonyms: clarify, enlighten, confirm
  • Use: The result confounded the critics.

29. CONGENIAL (adj.)

  • Urdu: خوشگوار، موافق، ہم مزاج
  • Meaning: pleasant because of shared qualities; suitable
  • Synonyms: pleasant, agreeable, friendly, compatible, genial
  • Antonyms: uncongenial, disagreeable, hostile, unpleasant
  • Use: He found the academy's atmosphere congenial.

30. CONJECTURE (n./v.)

  • Urdu: قیاس، اندازہ، گمان
  • Meaning: an opinion formed without full evidence
  • Synonyms: guess, speculation, supposition, surmise, theory
  • Antonyms: fact, certainty, proof, knowledge
  • Use: The report is based on conjecture, not data.

31. CONNIVE (v.)

  • Urdu: چشم پوشی کرنا، سازش میں شریک ہونا
  • Meaning: to secretly allow wrongdoing; to conspire
  • Synonyms: conspire, collude, plot, scheme, overlook
  • Antonyms: oppose, expose, report, prevent
  • Use: Police were accused of conniving with land grabbers.

32. CONNOISSEUR (n.)

  • Urdu: اہلِ ذوق، ماہرِ فن
  • Meaning: an expert judge in matters of taste
  • Synonyms: expert, aficionado, authority, specialist
  • Antonyms: amateur, dilettante, novice
  • Use: He is a connoisseur of Mughal miniatures.
  • 🔁 CSS 2025

33. CONSECRATE (v.)

  • Urdu: مقدس قرار دینا، وقف کرنا
  • Meaning: to make sacred; to dedicate to a purpose
  • Synonyms: sanctify, bless, hallow, dedicate, devote
  • Antonyms: desecrate, profane, defile
  • Use: He consecrated his life to serving orphans.

34. CONSENSUS (n.)

  • Urdu: اتفاقِ رائے، اجماع
  • Meaning: general agreement
  • Synonyms: agreement, accord, unanimity, harmony, concurrence
  • Antonyms: disagreement, discord, dissent, division
  • Use: The 1973 Constitution was passed by national consensus.

35. CONSTERNATION (n.)

  • Urdu: سراسیمگی، گھبراہٹ
  • Meaning: anxiety or dismay, typically at something unexpected
  • Synonyms: dismay, alarm, shock, panic, bewilderment
  • Antonyms: calm, composure, serenity, relief
  • Use: The sudden fuel price hike caused consternation.

36. CONSTRUE (v.)

  • Urdu: مطلب نکالنا، تعبیر کرنا
  • Meaning: to interpret a word or action in a particular way
  • Synonyms: interpret, understand, read, take, regard
  • Antonyms: misconstrue, misinterpret, misread
  • Use: His silence was construed as consent.

37. CONSUMMATE (adj./v.)

  • Urdu: کامل، ماہر؛ تکمیل کرنا
  • Meaning: showing great skill; complete; to complete
  • Synonyms: supreme, perfect, accomplished, masterly, complete
  • Antonyms: incompetent, amateurish, imperfect, inept
  • Use: She is a consummate diplomat.

38. CONTEMPTUOUS (adj.)

  • Urdu: حقارت آمیز
  • Meaning: showing contempt; scornful
  • Synonyms: scornful, disdainful, derisive, sneering, dismissive
  • Antonyms: respectful, admiring, deferential
  • Use: He gave a contemptuous laugh at the proposal.

39. CONTENTIOUS (adj.)

  • Urdu: متنازع، جھگڑالو
  • Meaning: causing or likely to cause argument
  • Synonyms: controversial, disputed, debatable, divisive, quarrelsome
  • Antonyms: uncontroversial, agreed, peaceable
  • Use: Kalabagh Dam remains a contentious issue.

40. CONTIGUOUS (adj.)

  • Urdu: متصل، ملحقہ
  • Meaning: sharing a common border; next to each other
  • Synonyms: adjacent, adjoining, neighbouring, bordering, touching
  • Antonyms: separate, distant, non-adjacent
  • Use: The Muslim-majority contiguous areas formed Pakistan.

41. CONTINGENT (adj./n.)

  • Urdu: مشروط؛ دستہ
  • Meaning: dependent on something else; a group
  • Synonyms: conditional, dependent, subject to, provisional
  • Antonyms: independent, unconditional, certain
  • Use: The deal is contingent on IMF approval.
  • 🔁 CSS 2015

42. CONTRAVENE (v.)

  • Urdu: خلاف ورزی کرنا
  • Meaning: to violate a law or rule
  • Synonyms: violate, breach, break, infringe, flout
  • Antonyms: obey, comply, observe, uphold
  • Use: The factory contravened environmental laws.

43. CONTRITE (adj.)

  • Urdu: نادم، پشیمان
  • Meaning: feeling remorse
  • Synonyms: remorseful, repentant, penitent, sorry, apologetic
  • Antonyms: unrepentant, impenitent, defiant
  • Use: The contrite official apologised publicly.

44. CONTRIVED (adj.)

  • Urdu: بناوٹی، غیر فطری
  • Meaning: deliberately created rather than natural
  • Synonyms: artificial, forced, laboured, unnatural, staged
  • Antonyms: natural, spontaneous, genuine, realistic
  • Use: The drama's happy ending felt contrived.

45. CONUNDRUM (n.)

  • Urdu: معمہ، مشکل مسئلہ
  • Meaning: a confusing and difficult problem
  • Synonyms: puzzle, riddle, enigma, dilemma, problem
  • Antonyms: solution, answer
  • Use: Circular debt is a policy conundrum.
  • 🔁 CSS 2026

46. CONVIVIAL (adj.)

  • Urdu: خوش باش، پرلطف، یار باش
  • Meaning: friendly, lively and enjoyable
  • Synonyms: sociable, genial, cheerful, jovial, festive
  • Antonyms: unfriendly, gloomy, dull, unsociable
  • Use: The wedding had a convivial atmosphere.

47. CONVOLUTED (adj.)

  • Urdu: پیچیدہ
  • Meaning: extremely complex
  • Synonyms: complicated, intricate, tortuous, involved
  • Antonyms: simple, straightforward, clear
  • Use: The contract was full of convoluted clauses.
  • 🔁 CSS 2019

48. COPIOUS (adj.)

  • Urdu: بکثرت، وافر
  • Meaning: abundant in supply or quantity
  • Synonyms: abundant, plentiful, profuse, ample, lavish
  • Antonyms: scarce, sparse, meagre, scanty
  • Use: She took copious notes during the lecture.

49. CORDIAL (adj.)

  • Urdu: پرخلوص، گرم جوش
  • Meaning: warm and friendly
  • Synonyms: friendly, warm, genial, amiable, hearty
  • Antonyms: hostile, cold, unfriendly, frosty
  • Use: The two leaders held cordial talks.

50. COROLLARY (n.)

  • Urdu: نتیجہ، لازمی تقاضا
  • Meaning: a natural consequence or result
  • Synonyms: consequence, result, outcome, upshot, effect
  • Antonyms: cause, origin, premise
  • Use: Inflation is a corollary of excessive borrowing.