compulsory · CSS study notes
I-2 / J / K — Inexorable to Laconic (50 words)
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The rest of I, then J and K, into L: 50 words, from Inexorable to Laconic.
1. INEXORABLE (adj.)
- Urdu: ناگزیر، اٹل، روکا نہ جا سکنے والا
- Meaning: impossible to stop or prevent
- Synonyms: relentless, unstoppable, inevitable, unrelenting, implacable
- Antonyms: avoidable, stoppable, flexible, yielding
- Use: The inexorable rise of prices hurts the poor.
2. INFAMOUS (adj.)
- Urdu: بدنام، رسوا
- Meaning: well known for a bad quality or deed
- Synonyms: notorious, disreputable, scandalous, shameful, villainous
- Antonyms: famous, reputable, honourable, respected
- Use: The infamous gangster was finally arrested.
- Trap: it does not mean "not famous".
3. INFALLIBLE (adj.)
- Urdu: غلطی سے پاک، یقینی
- Meaning: incapable of making mistakes
- Synonyms: unerring, faultless, perfect, reliable, foolproof
- Antonyms: fallible, imperfect, error-prone, unreliable
- Use: No human judgement is infallible.
4. INFRINGE (v.)
- Urdu: خلاف ورزی کرنا، حق تلفی کرنا
- Meaning: to actively break a law or encroach on a right
- Synonyms: violate, breach, contravene, encroach, trespass
- Antonyms: obey, respect, comply, observe
- Use: The law infringes on freedom of speech.
5. INGENIOUS (adj.)
- Urdu: ذہین، جدت پسند
- Meaning: clever, original and inventive
- Synonyms: inventive, clever, resourceful, creative, brilliant
- Antonyms: unimaginative, dull, stupid, clumsy
- Use: The boy built an ingenious solar cooker.
- 🔁 CSS 2026 (pair: ingenious / ingenuous)
6. INGENUOUS (adj.)
- Urdu: سادہ لوح، معصوم
- Meaning: innocent, unsuspecting and trusting
- Synonyms: naive, innocent, artless, guileless, trusting
- Antonyms: disingenuous, cunning, sly, worldly
- Use: Her ingenuous smile won everyone over.
7. INHERENT (adj.)
- Urdu: فطری، جبلی، ذاتی
- Meaning: existing as a permanent, essential attribute
- Synonyms: intrinsic, innate, built-in, essential, natural
- Antonyms: extrinsic, external, acquired, added
- Use: Every investment carries inherent risks.
8. INIMICAL (adj.)
- Urdu: مضر، مخالفانہ
- Meaning: harmful; hostile
- Synonyms: harmful, detrimental, hostile, adverse, antagonistic
- Antonyms: beneficial, favourable, friendly, helpful
- Use: Political instability is inimical to investment.
9. INIQUITY (n.)
- Urdu: ظلم، بدی، ناانصافی
- Meaning: grossly immoral or unjust behaviour
- Synonyms: wickedness, injustice, sin, evil, wrongdoing
- Antonyms: justice, virtue, righteousness, goodness
- Use: The novel exposes the iniquities of the feudal system.
10. INNATE (adj.)
- Urdu: پیدائشی، فطری
- Meaning: inborn; natural
- Synonyms: inborn, inherent, natural, instinctive, intrinsic
- Antonyms: acquired, learned, cultivated, extrinsic
- Use: She has an innate talent for music.
11. INNOCUOUS (adj.)
- Urdu: بے ضرر
- Meaning: not harmful or offensive
- Synonyms: harmless, inoffensive, benign, safe
- Antonyms: harmful, offensive, noxious
- Use: The question seemed innocuous but was a trap.
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12. INNUENDO (n.)
- Urdu: کنایہ، طنز آمیز اشارہ
- Meaning: an indirect or subtle remark, usually suggestive or critical
- Synonyms: insinuation, hint, implication, suggestion, aspersion
- Antonyms: direct statement, openness, candour
- Use: The campaign relied on innuendo, not facts.
13. INORDINATE (adj.)
- Urdu: حد سے زیادہ، بے جا
- Meaning: unusually or disproportionately large
- Synonyms: excessive, undue, unreasonable, disproportionate, extravagant
- Antonyms: reasonable, moderate, appropriate, modest
- Use: The project took an inordinate amount of time.
14. INSATIABLE (adj.)
- Urdu: نہ بجھنے والی (پیاس)، کبھی سیر نہ ہونے والا
- Meaning: impossible to satisfy
- Synonyms: unquenchable, voracious, greedy, ravenous, avid
- Antonyms: satisfied, content, satiated
- Use: He had an insatiable appetite for knowledge.
15. INSIDIOUS (adj.)
- Urdu: چپکے سے نقصان دینے والا، مکارانہ
- Meaning: proceeding gradually and subtly but with harmful effects
- Synonyms: stealthy, subtle, pernicious, sly, treacherous
- Antonyms: obvious, overt, harmless, open
- Use: Hepatitis is an insidious disease.
16. INSINUATE (v.)
- Urdu: اشارہ کنایہ میں کہنا؛ چپکے سے شامل ہونا
- Meaning: to suggest something bad indirectly
- Synonyms: imply, hint, suggest, intimate, allude
- Antonyms: state, declare, express openly
- Use: Are you insinuating that I cheated?
17. INSIPID (adj.)
- Urdu: بے ذائقہ، پھیکا
- Meaning: lacking flavour or interest
- Synonyms: bland, tasteless, dull, vapid, uninspiring
- Antonyms: tasty, flavourful, interesting, lively
- Use: The film had an insipid plot.
- 🔁 CSS 2012
18. INSOLENT (adj.)
- Urdu: گستاخ، بدتمیز
- Meaning: showing rude and arrogant lack of respect
- Synonyms: rude, impudent, impertinent, disrespectful, arrogant
- Antonyms: polite, respectful, courteous
- Use: The insolent officer was suspended.
19. INSTIGATE (v.)
- Urdu: اکسانا، شروع کروانا
- Meaning: to bring about or initiate an action
- Synonyms: incite, provoke, initiate, foment, trigger
- Antonyms: stop, halt, suppress, prevent
- Use: He was accused of instigating the riot.
20. INSULAR (adj.)
- Urdu: تنگ نظر، الگ تھلگ
- Meaning: ignorant of or uninterested in outside ideas
- Synonyms: narrow-minded, parochial, provincial, isolated, inward-looking
- Antonyms: cosmopolitan, broad-minded, open, worldly
- Use: An insular mindset hinders progress.
21. INSURGENT (n./adj.)
- Urdu: باغی، شورشی
- Meaning: a rebel fighting against authority
- Synonyms: rebel, rioter, revolutionary, guerrilla, mutineer
- Antonyms: loyalist, supporter, conformist
- Use: Insurgents attacked the check post.
22. INTEGRITY (n.)
- Urdu: دیانتداری؛ سالمیت
- Meaning: honesty and strong moral principles; wholeness
- Synonyms: honesty, probity, uprightness, honour; unity, wholeness
- Antonyms: dishonesty, corruption, deceit; fragmentation
- Use: Civil servants must have integrity.
23. INTEMPERATE (adj.)
- Urdu: بے اعتدال، حد سے تجاوز کرنے والا
- Meaning: lacking self-control; immoderate
- Synonyms: immoderate, excessive, unrestrained, uncontrolled, extreme
- Antonyms: temperate, moderate, restrained, calm
- Use: His intemperate language shocked the House.
24. INTRACTABLE (adj.)
- Urdu: سرکش، حل نہ ہونے والا
- Meaning: hard to control or deal with
- Synonyms: unmanageable, stubborn, difficult, obstinate, intransigent
- Antonyms: manageable, compliant, tractable, easy
- Use: Kashmir remains an intractable dispute.
25. INTRANSIGENT (adj.)
- Urdu: مصالحت نہ کرنے والا، ضدی
- Meaning: unwilling to change views or agree
- Synonyms: uncompromising, inflexible, obstinate, stubborn, adamant
- Antonyms: compromising, flexible, amenable, yielding
- Use: Both sides were intransigent in the talks.
26. INTREPID (adj.)
- Urdu: نڈر، بے خوف
- Meaning: fearless; adventurous
- Synonyms: fearless, brave, bold, courageous, daring
- Antonyms: timid, cowardly, fearful
- Use: Intrepid climbers scaled K2 in winter.
27. INTRICATE (adj.)
- Urdu: پیچیدہ، باریک
- Meaning: very complicated or detailed
- Synonyms: complex, elaborate, detailed, convoluted, involved
- Antonyms: simple, plain, straightforward
- Use: The mosque has intricate tile work.
28. INTRINSIC (adj.)
- Urdu: اصلی، ذاتی، باطنی
- Meaning: belonging naturally; essential
- Synonyms: inherent, innate, essential, fundamental, basic
- Antonyms: extrinsic, external, acquired, incidental
- Use: Education has intrinsic value.
29. INUNDATE (v.)
- Urdu: سیلاب سے ڈبو دینا؛ بھر دینا
- Meaning: to flood; to overwhelm
- Synonyms: flood, swamp, submerge, overwhelm, deluge
- Antonyms: drain, trickle, dry up
- Use: Rain inundated low-lying areas of Karachi.
30. INURE (v.)
- Urdu: عادی بنانا، سخت جان کرنا
- Meaning: to accustom to something unpleasant
- Synonyms: harden, habituate, toughen, accustom
- Antonyms: sensitise, soften
- Use: Soldiers become inured to hardship.
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31. INVECTIVE (n.)
- Urdu: گالی گلوچ، سخت برا بھلا
- Meaning: insulting, abusive or highly critical language
- Synonyms: abuse, vituperation, denunciation, tirade, insults
- Antonyms: praise, compliments, acclaim
- Use: Political debate has descended into personal invective.
32. INVETERATE (adj.)
- Urdu: پکا، عادی، پرانا
- Meaning: having a long-established habit
- Synonyms: confirmed, habitual, chronic, hardened, incorrigible
- Antonyms: occasional, casual, reformed
- Use: He is an inveterate smoker.
33. INVINCIBLE (adj.)
- Urdu: ناقابلِ شکست
- Meaning: too powerful to be defeated
- Synonyms: unbeatable, unconquerable, indomitable, invulnerable
- Antonyms: vulnerable, weak, beatable
- Use: The team seemed invincible that season.
34. IRASCIBLE (adj.)
- Urdu: چڑچڑا، تند خو
- Meaning: easily angered
- Synonyms: irritable, short-tempered, testy, choleric
- Antonyms: placid, calm, even-tempered
- Use: The irascible judge fined the lawyer.
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35. IRKSOME (adj.)
- Urdu: باعثِ زحمت، ناگوار
- Meaning: irritating; annoying
- Synonyms: annoying, irritating, tiresome, vexing, bothersome
- Antonyms: pleasant, agreeable, pleasing
- Use: Long queues at the bank are irksome.
36. IRONIC (adj.)
- Urdu: طنزیہ، الٹ معنی والا
- Meaning: using words to mean the opposite; contrary to what is expected
- Synonyms: sarcastic, sardonic, wry, paradoxical, incongruous
- Antonyms: literal, sincere, expected
- Use: It is ironic that the fire station burnt down.
37. IRREVERENT (adj.)
- Urdu: بے ادب، گستاخ
- Meaning: showing a lack of respect for serious things
- Synonyms: disrespectful, impertinent, flippant, cheeky, impious
- Antonyms: reverent, respectful, pious, solemn
- Use: The comedian is known for irreverent humour.
38. IRREVOCABLE (adj.)
- Urdu: ناقابلِ تنسیخ، حتمی
- Meaning: not able to be changed or reversed
- Synonyms: irreversible, final, permanent, unalterable, binding
- Antonyms: reversible, changeable, revocable, temporary
- Use: Resignation from the service is irrevocable.
39. ITINERANT (adj./n.)
- Urdu: خانہ بدوش، جگہ جگہ پھرنے والا
- Meaning: travelling from place to place
- Synonyms: wandering, nomadic, travelling, roving, migrant
- Antonyms: settled, stationary, resident, sedentary
- Use: Itinerant traders visit the village every week.
40. JADED (adj.)
- Urdu: بیزار، تھکا ہوا
- Meaning: tired and bored after too much of something
- Synonyms: weary, bored, fed up, exhausted, blasé
- Antonyms: fresh, eager, enthusiastic, refreshed
- Use: Jaded voters no longer trust promises.
41. JARGON (n.)
- Urdu: مخصوص اصطلاحات، مغلق زبان
- Meaning: special words used by a profession that are hard for others to understand
- Synonyms: terminology, lingo, slang, argot, cant
- Antonyms: plain language, clarity
- Use: The report is full of legal jargon.
42. JEOPARDY (n.)
- Urdu: خطرہ، معرضِ خطر میں
- Meaning: danger of loss or harm
- Synonyms: danger, risk, peril, threat, hazard
- Antonyms: safety, security, protection
- Use: The deal is now in jeopardy.
43. JOCULAR (adj.)
- Urdu: مزاحیہ، خوش طبع
- Meaning: fond of joking; humorous
- Synonyms: humorous, jokey, playful, witty, jovial
- Antonyms: serious, solemn, grave, earnest
- Use: He replied in a jocular tone.
44. JOVIAL (adj.)
- Urdu: خوش مزاج، ہنس مکھ
- Meaning: cheerful and friendly
- Synonyms: cheerful, jolly, genial, merry, good-humoured
- Antonyms: gloomy, morose, sad, doleful
- Use: The jovial uncle made everyone laugh.
45. JUDICIOUS (adj.)
- Urdu: دانشمندانہ، سمجھداری پر مبنی
- Meaning: having or showing good judgement
- Synonyms: wise, prudent, sensible, shrewd, sound
- Antonyms: unwise, imprudent, foolish, rash
- Use: Judicious use of water is essential in Balochistan.
46. JUXTAPOSE (v.)
- Urdu: ساتھ ساتھ رکھنا (موازنہ کے لیے)
- Meaning: to place close together for contrasting effect
- Synonyms: compare, contrast, set side by side, place together
- Antonyms: separate, isolate, divide
- Use: The film juxtaposes luxury and poverty in Karachi.
47. KINDLE (v.)
- Urdu: سلگانا، ابھارنا
- Meaning: to light a fire; to arouse an emotion
- Synonyms: ignite, light, arouse, spark, inspire
- Antonyms: extinguish, quench, dampen, stifle
- Use: A good teacher kindles curiosity.
48. KINETIC (adj.)
- Urdu: حرکی، متحرک
- Meaning: relating to motion; dynamic
- Synonyms: moving, dynamic, active, energetic, lively
- Antonyms: static, still, inert, motionless
- Use: The army launched a kinetic operation against militants.
49. KNACK (n.)
- Urdu: ہنر، سلیقہ
- Meaning: a skill or aptitude
- Synonyms: skill, talent, flair, gift, aptitude
- Antonyms: inability, incompetence, ineptitude
- Use: She has a knack for making friends.
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50. LACONIC (adj.)
- Urdu: مختصر گو
- Meaning: using very few words
- Synonyms: concise, terse, brief, succinct, pithy
- Antonyms: verbose, loquacious, wordy
- Use: His laconic reply ended the argument.
- 🔁 CSS 2011