compulsory · CSS study notes

R-2 — Remiss to Ruthless (50 words)

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Letter R, part 2: 50 words, from Remiss to Ruthless.

1. REMISS (adj.)

Urdu: غافل، لاپرواہ
Meaning: lacking care in one's duty
Synonyms: negligent, careless, lax, neglectful, slack
Antonyms: careful, diligent, conscientious, dutiful
Use: The department was remiss in maintaining the dam.

2. REMORSE (n.)

Urdu: پچھتاوا، ندامت
Meaning: deep regret for a wrong committed
Synonyms: regret, repentance, contrition, guilt, penitence
Antonyms: satisfaction, indifference, pride, callousness
Use: The accused showed no remorse in court.

3. REMUNERATE (v.)

Urdu: معاوضہ دینا، اجرت دینا
Meaning: to pay for services rendered
Synonyms: pay, compensate, reward, recompense, reimburse
Antonyms: penalize, fine, withhold, deprive
Use: Teachers must be remunerated fairly.

4. RENAISSANCE (n.)

Urdu: نشاةِ ثانیہ، احیا
Meaning: a revival of interest in art, learning or culture
Synonyms: revival, rebirth, resurgence, renewal, reawakening
Antonyms: decline, decay, stagnation, death
Use: Sir Syed sparked a renaissance among Indian Muslims.

5. RENEGADE (n.)

Urdu: منحرف، غدار، باغی
Meaning: a person who deserts a cause or party
Synonyms: traitor, defector, deserter, apostate, turncoat
Antonyms: loyalist, supporter, adherent, follower
Use: Renegade members formed a separate faction.

6. RENOUNCE (v.)

Urdu: ترک کرنا، دستبردار ہونا
Meaning: to formally give up a claim, right or belief
Synonyms: relinquish, abandon, forswear, reject, abdicate
Antonyms: claim, keep, retain, embrace
Use: He renounced violence and joined mainstream politics.

7. RENOVATE (v.)

Urdu: مرمت کرکے نیا کرنا، تجدید کرنا
Meaning: to restore to good condition
Synonyms: refurbish, restore, repair, modernize, revamp
Antonyms: damage, neglect, ruin, dilapidate
Use: The old Frere Hall was renovated last year.

8. RENOWN (n.)

Urdu: شہرت، ناموری
Meaning: the condition of being widely known and admired
Synonyms: fame, celebrity, eminence, distinction, repute
Antonyms: obscurity, anonymity, disrepute, infamy
Use: Dr Abdus Salam won international renown.

9. REPARTEE (n.)

Urdu: حاضر جوابی
Meaning: quick, witty replies in conversation
Synonyms: banter, wit, badinage, riposte, raillery
Antonyms: dullness, silence, monologue
Use: Faiz was famous for his gentle repartee.

10. REPERCUSSION (n.)

Urdu: نتائج، ردِ عمل
Meaning: an unintended consequence, especially unwelcome
Synonyms: consequence, effect, result, aftermath, fallout
Antonyms: cause, origin, source
Use: The coup had repercussions for decades.

11. REPLETE (adj.)

Urdu: بھرا ہوا، لبریز
Meaning: filled or well supplied with
Synonyms: full, filled, abounding, stocked, brimming
Antonyms: empty, lacking, deficient, devoid
Use: Our history is replete with missed opportunities.

12. REPREHENSIBLE (adj.)

Urdu: قابلِ مذمت
Meaning: deserving censure
Synonyms: deplorable, blameworthy, shameful, disgraceful, culpable
Antonyms: praiseworthy, commendable, admirable, laudable
Use: Mob violence is reprehensible in any form.

13. REPRESS (v.)

Urdu: دبانا، کچلنا
Meaning: to subdue by force; to restrain
Synonyms: suppress, quell, subdue, stifle, curb
Antonyms: express, release, free, encourage
Use: Dictators repress the free press.

14. REPRIMAND (v./n.)

Urdu: سرزنش، ڈانٹ ڈپٹ
Meaning: a formal expression of disapproval
Synonyms: rebuke, reproach, admonish, censure, scold
Antonyms: praise, commend, applaud
Use: The officer received a written reprimand.

15. REPRISAL (n.)

Urdu: انتقامی کارروائی
Meaning: an act of retaliation
Synonyms: retaliation, revenge, retribution, vengeance, counterattack
Antonyms: forgiveness, pardon, clemency
Use: Villagers feared reprisals if they testified.

16. REPROACH (v./n.)

Urdu: ملامت کرنا، طعنہ
Meaning: to express disappointment or disapproval
Synonyms: rebuke, reprimand, criticize, blame, censure
Antonyms: praise, commend, approve
Use: His conduct was beyond reproach.

17. REPROBATE (n./adj.)

Urdu: بدکردار، بدمعاش
Meaning: an unprincipled person
Synonyms: scoundrel, rogue, villain; immoral, depraved
Antonyms: saint, paragon; virtuous, upright
Use: The reprobate cheated his own brothers.

18. REPUDIATE (v.)

Urdu: مسترد کرنا، انکار کرنا
Meaning: to refuse to accept or be associated with
Synonyms: reject, disown, renounce, disavow, deny
Antonyms: accept, acknowledge, embrace, affirm
Use: The party repudiated the leader's remarks.

19. REPUGNANT (adj.)

Urdu: ناگوار، قابلِ نفرت؛ متصادم
Meaning: extremely distasteful; incompatible with
Synonyms: abhorrent, repulsive, odious, offensive, revolting
Antonyms: pleasant, agreeable, attractive, compatible
Use: Article 227 bars laws repugnant to Islam.

20. REQUISITE (adj./n.)

Urdu: لازمی، ضروری شرط
Meaning: necessary for a purpose
Synonyms: necessary, required, essential; requirement, prerequisite
Antonyms: unnecessary, optional, superfluous
Use: He lacks the requisite experience for the post.

21. RESCIND (v.)

Urdu: منسوخ کرنا، واپس لینا
Meaning: to revoke or cancel a law or order
Synonyms: revoke, repeal, annul, cancel, overturn
Antonyms: enact, validate, confirm, ratify
Use: The notification was rescinded after protests.

22. RESENTMENT (n.)

Urdu: ناراضگی، رنجش
Meaning: bitter indignation at unfair treatment
Synonyms: bitterness, indignation, grudge, rancour, animosity
Antonyms: contentment, goodwill, gratitude, satisfaction
Use: Unequal resource sharing breeds provincial resentment.

23. RESILIENT (adj.)

Urdu: جلد سنبھلنے والا، لچکدار
Meaning: able to recover quickly from difficulties
Synonyms: tough, strong, hardy, buoyant, adaptable
Antonyms: fragile, vulnerable, weak, delicate
Use: The people of Pakistan have proved resilient after every disaster.

24. RESOLUTE (adj.)

Urdu: پختہ ارادہ، ثابت قدم
Meaning: admirably purposeful and determined
Synonyms: determined, firm, steadfast, unwavering, staunch
Antonyms: irresolute, wavering, hesitant, weak
Use: A resolute leadership is needed to fight terrorism.

25. RESPITE (n.)

Urdu: مہلت، وقفہ، سکھ کا سانس
Meaning: a short period of rest or relief
Synonyms: rest, break, relief, lull, reprieve
Antonyms: continuation, toil, labour, persistence
Use: The rain brought respite from the heatwave.

26. RESPLENDENT (adj.)

Urdu: چمکدار، شاندار
Meaning: attractive and impressive through being richly colourful
Synonyms: splendid, dazzling, magnificent, brilliant, glorious
Antonyms: dull, drab, dingy, plain
Use: The bride was resplendent in red.

27. RESTIVE (adj.)

Urdu: بے چین، سرکش
Meaning: unable to keep still; resistant to control
Synonyms: restless, unruly, agitated, fidgety, rebellious
Antonyms: calm, docile, relaxed, obedient
Use: The crowd grew restive as the delay continued.

28. RESURGENCE (n.)

Urdu: دوبارہ ابھرنا، احیا
Meaning: an increase or revival after inactivity
Synonyms: revival, renewal, recovery, comeback, resurrection
Antonyms: decline, decrease, fall, slump
Use: Security forces fear a resurgence of militancy.

29. RETICENT (adj.)

Urdu: کم گو، خاموش طبع
Meaning: not revealing one's thoughts readily
Synonyms: reserved, taciturn, quiet, uncommunicative, restrained
Antonyms: talkative, communicative, open, forthcoming
Use: The spokesman was reticent about the talks.

30. RETRACT (v.)

Urdu: واپس لینا، منحرف ہونا
Meaning: to withdraw a statement; to draw back
Synonyms: withdraw, recant, take back, revoke, disavow
Antonyms: affirm, maintain, reiterate, extend
Use: The newspaper retracted its false story.

31. RETRIBUTION (n.)

Urdu: سزا، بدلہ، مکافات
Meaning: punishment inflicted as vengeance for a wrong
Synonyms: punishment, vengeance, revenge, reprisal, nemesis
Antonyms: forgiveness, pardon, mercy, reward
Use: Justice must not become mere retribution.

32. RETROGRADE (adj.)

Urdu: رجعت پسندانہ، پیچھے لے جانے والا
Meaning: directed backwards; reverting to a worse state
Synonyms: regressive, backward, reactionary, negative, retrogressive
Antonyms: progressive, forward, advanced, positive
Use: Banning books is a retrograde step.

33. RETROSPECT (n.)

Urdu: ماضی پر نظر، باز نظر
Meaning: a survey of past events
Synonyms: hindsight, review, reflection, recollection, look back
Antonyms: prospect, foresight, anticipation
Use: In retrospect, the 1971 crisis was avoidable.

34. REVEL (v.)

Urdu: مزے لینا، جشن منانا
Meaning: to enjoy greatly; to celebrate noisily
Synonyms: delight, relish, enjoy, bask; celebrate, carouse
Antonyms: dislike, detest, mourn, grieve
Use: Some anchors revel in controversy.

35. REVERE (v.)

Urdu: عزت کرنا، احترام کرنا
Meaning: to feel deep respect or admiration for
Synonyms: respect, venerate, esteem, honour, admire
Antonyms: despise, scorn, disdain, disrespect
Use: The nation reveres the Quaid.

36. REVILE (v.)

Urdu: برا بھلا کہنا، گالیاں دینا
Meaning: to criticize in an abusive manner
Synonyms: vilify, denounce, abuse, condemn, malign
Antonyms: praise, extol, laud, revere
Use: He was reviled in his lifetime and honoured after death.

37. REVOKE (v.)

Urdu: منسوخ کرنا، واپس لینا
Meaning: to officially cancel
Synonyms: cancel, rescind, annul, repeal, withdraw
Antonyms: enact, grant, confirm, validate
Use: India revoked Article 370 in 2019.

38. RHETORIC (n.)

Urdu: خطابت، لفاظی
Meaning: persuasive speech, often insincere or empty
Synonyms: oratory, eloquence, bombast, grandiloquence, verbiage
Antonyms: action, substance, plain speech
Use: The public is tired of empty political rhetoric.

39. RIBALD (adj.)

Urdu: فحش، بے ہودہ مزاح والا
Meaning: referring to sexual matters in a vulgarly humorous way
Synonyms: vulgar, bawdy, coarse, crude, lewd
Antonyms: decent, clean, proper, refined
Use: The censor board cut the film's ribald scenes.

40. RIFE (adj.)

Urdu: عام، کثرت سے پھیلا ہوا
Meaning: (of something bad) widespread
Synonyms: widespread, rampant, prevalent, pervasive, common
Antonyms: rare, scarce, uncommon, limited
Use: Speculation was rife before the budget.

41. RIGID (adj.)

Urdu: سخت، غیر لچکدار
Meaning: unable to bend; not flexible
Synonyms: stiff, inflexible, strict, unbending, fixed
Antonyms: flexible, pliable, lenient, adaptable
Use: Rigid rules discourage innovation.

42. RIGOROUS (adj.)

Urdu: سخت، کڑا، باریک بینی سے
Meaning: extremely thorough and careful
Synonyms: meticulous, thorough, strict, exacting, stringent
Antonyms: lax, careless, sloppy, superficial
Use: CSS demands rigorous preparation.

43. ROBUST (adj.)

Urdu: مضبوط، توانا
Meaning: strong and healthy; vigorous
Synonyms: strong, sturdy, vigorous, hardy, sound
Antonyms: weak, frail, fragile, feeble
Use: A robust judiciary strengthens democracy.

44. RUDIMENTARY (adj.)

Urdu: ابتدائی، بنیادی
Meaning: involving only basic principles; undeveloped
Synonyms: basic, elementary, primitive, crude, fundamental
Antonyms: advanced, sophisticated, developed, complex
Use: Many rural clinics have only rudimentary equipment.

45. RUE (v.)

Urdu: پچھتانا، افسوس کرنا
Meaning: to bitterly regret
Synonyms: regret, lament, repent, deplore, mourn
Antonyms: rejoice, welcome, celebrate
Use: He will rue the day he ignored the warning.

46. RUMINATE (v.)

Urdu: غور و فکر کرنا، جگالی کرنا
Meaning: to think deeply about something
Synonyms: ponder, contemplate, reflect, muse, deliberate
Antonyms: ignore, neglect, disregard
Use: She ruminated on the essay topic before writing.

47. RUPTURE (n./v.)

Urdu: شگاف، ٹوٹنا، تعلقات منقطع ہونا
Meaning: a break or breach
Synonyms: breach, break, split, rift, fracture
Antonyms: union, repair, reconciliation, mending
Use: The dispute caused a rupture in the alliance.

48. RUSE (n.)

Urdu: چال، حیلہ، فریب
Meaning: an action intended to deceive
Synonyms: trick, ploy, stratagem, deception, subterfuge
Antonyms: honesty, candour, truth
Use: The fake call was a ruse to steal bank details.

49. RUSTIC (adj.)

Urdu: دیہاتی، سادہ
Meaning: relating to the countryside; simple
Synonyms: rural, pastoral, bucolic, country, simple
Antonyms: urban, urbane, sophisticated, metropolitan
Use: The rustic charm of Punjab's villages inspires poets.

50. RUTHLESS (adj.)

Urdu: بے رحم، سفاک
Meaning: having no pity or compassion
Synonyms: merciless, pitiless, cruel, heartless, callous
Antonyms: merciful, compassionate, kind, lenient
Use: A ruthless crackdown silenced the opposition.