compulsory · CSS study notes

A-2 — Affected to Antithesis (50 words)

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Letter A, part 2: 50 words, from Affected to Antithesis.

1. AFFECTED (adj.)

Urdu: بناوٹی، تصنع آمیز
Meaning: artificial and designed to impress
Synonyms: pretentious, artificial, mannered, contrived, unnatural
Antonyms: natural, genuine, sincere, unaffected
Use: She spoke in an affected British accent.

2. AFFINITY (n.)

Urdu: مناسبت، قربت، لگاؤ
Meaning: a natural liking or similarity
Synonyms: rapport, kinship, liking, sympathy, resemblance
Antonyms: antipathy, aversion, dislike, dissimilarity
Use: Pakistanis feel a deep affinity with Turkey.

3. AFFLUENT (adj.)

Urdu: دولت مند، خوشحال
Meaning: having a great deal of money
Synonyms: wealthy, rich, prosperous, well-off, opulent
Antonyms: poor, impoverished, needy, destitute
Use: DHA is an affluent neighbourhood.

4. AFFRONT (n./v.)

Urdu: توہین، ہتک، بے عزتی
Meaning: an action that causes offence; to insult
Synonyms: insult, offence, slight, snub, outrage
Antonyms: compliment, praise, courtesy, honour
Use: The remark was an affront to the whole nation.

5. AGGRANDIZE (v.)

Urdu: بڑھانا، شان بڑھانا
Meaning: to increase the power, status or wealth of
Synonyms: enlarge, exalt, glorify, augment, magnify
Antonyms: diminish, belittle, reduce, humble
Use: He used his office to aggrandize himself.

6. AGGRAVATE (v.)

Urdu: بدتر کرنا، بھڑکانا
Meaning: to make worse; to annoy
Synonyms: worsen, exacerbate, intensify, inflame, irritate
Antonyms: alleviate, improve, ease, soothe
Use: Deforestation aggravates flooding.

7. AGGREGATE (n./adj./v.)

Urdu: مجموعہ، کل، اکٹھا کرنا
Meaning: a whole formed by combining elements; total
Synonyms: total, sum, whole, combined, collective
Antonyms: individual, separate, part, component
Use: Admission depends on your aggregate marks.

8. AGILE (adj.)

Urdu: چست، فعال، پھرتیلا
Meaning: able to move quickly and easily; quick-thinking
Synonyms: nimble, lithe, quick, spry, sharp
Antonyms: clumsy, slow, sluggish, stiff
Use: The agile fielder took a stunning catch.

9. AGITATE (v.)

Urdu: مضطرب کرنا، تحریک چلانا
Meaning: to make troubled; to campaign for a cause
Synonyms: disturb, upset, perturb, stir, campaign
Antonyms: calm, soothe, pacify, reassure
Use: Lawyers agitated for the restoration of judges in 2007.

10. AGRARIAN (adj.)

Urdu: زرعی، زمین سے متعلق
Meaning: relating to cultivated land or agriculture
Synonyms: agricultural, farming, rural, pastoral
Antonyms: industrial, urban, metropolitan
Use: Pakistan remains a largely agrarian economy.

11. ALACRITY (n.)

Urdu: چستی، فوری آمادگی
Meaning: brisk and cheerful readiness
Synonyms: eagerness, readiness, promptness, zeal
Antonyms: reluctance, apathy, sluggishness
Use: He accepted the invitation with alacrity.

12. ALIENATE (v.)

Urdu: بیگانہ کرنا، دور کرنا
Meaning: to make someone feel isolated or hostile
Synonyms: estrange, isolate, distance, antagonise, separate
Antonyms: unite, reconcile, befriend, win over
Use: Harsh policies alienated the youth of the province.

13. ALLAY (v.)

Urdu: کم کرنا، دور کرنا (خوف)
Meaning: to diminish or put at rest a fear or suspicion
Synonyms: reduce, ease, calm, relieve, assuage
Antonyms: increase, arouse, intensify, heighten
Use: The minister tried to allay fears of a fuel shortage.

14. ALLEGE (v.)

Urdu: الزام لگانا، دعویٰ کرنا
Meaning: to claim that someone has done wrong, typically without proof
Synonyms: claim, assert, charge, accuse, contend
Antonyms: deny, refute, disclaim, retract
Use: The opposition alleged rigging in the election.

15. ALLEVIATE (v.)

Urdu: تخفیف دینا، کم کرنا
Meaning: to make suffering less severe
Synonyms: ease, relieve, mitigate, lessen, soothe
Antonyms: aggravate, worsen, intensify
Use: Microfinance helps alleviate rural poverty.

16. ALLUDE (v.)

Urdu: اشارہ کرنا، حوالہ دینا
Meaning: to suggest or call attention to indirectly
Synonyms: hint, refer, suggest, imply, mention
Antonyms: state outright, specify, declare
Use: He alluded to problems within the party.
Trap: elude = escape.

17. ALLURE (n./v.)

Urdu: کشش، دلکشی، لبھانا
Meaning: powerful attractiveness; to attract
Synonyms: charm, attraction, appeal, fascination, lure
Antonyms: repulsion, repel, deter
Use: The allure of city life draws villagers to Lahore.

18. ALOOF (adj.)

Urdu: الگ تھلگ، بے نیاز
Meaning: not friendly; distant
Synonyms: distant, detached, remote, standoffish, cold
Antonyms: friendly, warm, sociable, approachable
Use: The new manager seemed aloof at first.

19. ALTERCATION (n.)

Urdu: جھگڑا، تکرار
Meaning: a noisy argument or disagreement
Synonyms: quarrel, argument, dispute, row, squabble
Antonyms: agreement, harmony, accord, peace
Use: An altercation broke out between the two drivers.

20. ALTRUISM (n.)

Urdu: ایثار، بے غرضی، دوسروں کی بھلائی
Meaning: selfless concern for the well-being of others
Synonyms: selflessness, unselfishness, benevolence, philanthropy
Antonyms: selfishness, egoism, greed, self-interest
Use: Edhi's life was a model of altruism.

21. AMALGAMATE (v.)

Urdu: ضم کرنا
Meaning: to combine to form one whole
Synonyms: merge, unite, fuse, integrate, combine
Antonyms: separate, split, divide
Use: The two parties amalgamated before the election.
🔁 CSS 2012

22. AMBIGUOUS (adj.)

Urdu: مبہم
Meaning: open to more than one interpretation
Synonyms: vague, equivocal, unclear, obscure
Antonyms: clear, explicit, definite, unambiguous
Use: The treaty's ambiguous wording caused disputes.

23. AMBIVALENT (adj.)

Urdu: دو دل، متذبذب
Meaning: having mixed feelings
Synonyms: uncertain, undecided, torn, equivocal
Antonyms: certain, decisive, resolute
Use: Voters were ambivalent about both candidates.

24. AMELIORATE (v.)

Urdu: بہتر بنانا
Meaning: to make something bad better
Synonyms: improve, enhance, better, reform
Antonyms: worsen, impair, aggravate
Use: Reforms were meant to ameliorate prison conditions.
🔁 CSS 2026

25. AMENABLE (adj.)

Urdu: ماننے پر آمادہ، فرماں بردار
Meaning: open and responsive to suggestion
Synonyms: agreeable, cooperative, willing, compliant, receptive
Antonyms: stubborn, obstinate, uncooperative, resistant
Use: The landlord was amenable to lowering the rent.

26. AMIABLE (adj.)

Urdu: خوش اخلاق، ملنسار
Meaning: having a friendly and pleasant manner
Synonyms: friendly, affable, genial, cordial, pleasant
Antonyms: unfriendly, hostile, surly, disagreeable
Use: The amiable host made everyone feel welcome.
🔁 CSS 2009

27. AMICABLE (adj.)

Urdu: دوستانہ، پرامن
Meaning: (of relations) friendly and without disagreement
Synonyms: friendly, cordial, harmonious, peaceable, civil
Antonyms: hostile, acrimonious, unfriendly, bitter
Use: The dispute was settled in an amicable manner.

28. AMITY (n.)

Urdu: دوستی، ہم آہنگی
Meaning: a friendly relationship
Synonyms: friendship, harmony, goodwill, concord, peace
Antonyms: enmity, hostility, animosity, discord
Use: The treaty ushered in an era of amity between the neighbours.

29. AMNESTY (n.)

Urdu: عام معافی
Meaning: an official pardon for offences
Synonyms: pardon, reprieve, forgiveness, immunity, absolution
Antonyms: punishment, penalty, conviction
Use: The government announced a tax amnesty scheme.

30. AMORAL (adj.)

Urdu: اخلاقیات سے عاری، بے اصول
Meaning: lacking any moral sense
Synonyms: unprincipled, unscrupulous, unethical, conscienceless
Antonyms: moral, ethical, principled, virtuous
Use: The villain is an amoral businessman.
Trap: immoral = knowingly wrong; amoral = has no morals at all.

31. AMORPHOUS (adj.)

Urdu: بے شکل، غیر واضح
Meaning: without a clearly defined shape or form
Synonyms: shapeless, formless, vague, nebulous, unstructured
Antonyms: shaped, defined, structured, clear-cut
Use: The protest movement remained amorphous and leaderless.

32. AMPLIFY (v.)

Urdu: بڑھانا، وضاحت کرنا
Meaning: to increase volume or strength; to expand on
Synonyms: increase, magnify, intensify, expand, elaborate
Antonyms: reduce, decrease, abridge, condense
Use: Social media amplified the rumour.

33. ANACHRONISM (n.)

Urdu: بے وقت چیز، زمانے سے بے میل
Meaning: something out of its proper time period
Synonyms: relic, throwback, archaism, antique
Antonyms: modernity, innovation, novelty
Use: The colonial-era law is an anachronism.

34. ANALOGOUS (adj.)

Urdu: مشابہ، مماثل
Meaning: comparable in certain respects
Synonyms: similar, comparable, parallel, akin
Antonyms: different, dissimilar, unlike
Use: The brain is often called analogous to a computer.

35. ANARCHY (n.)

Urdu: انارکی، بدامنی، لاقانونیت
Meaning: a state of disorder due to absence of authority
Synonyms: chaos, lawlessness, disorder, turmoil, mayhem
Antonyms: order, law, control, government
Use: The collapse of the state led to anarchy.

36. ANATHEMA (n.)

Urdu: نفرت انگیز شے، لعنت
Meaning: something one vehemently dislikes
Synonyms: abomination, curse, taboo, bane, bugbear
Antonyms: blessing, favourite, delight
Use: Nepotism is anathema to a merit-based system.
🔁 CSS 2005

37. ANCILLARY (adj.)

Urdu: معاون، ذیلی، ضمنی
Meaning: providing support; additional
Synonyms: supplementary, auxiliary, secondary, subsidiary
Antonyms: main, primary, principal, central
Use: Hospitals need ancillary staff as well as doctors.

38. ANECDOTE (n.)

Urdu: مختصر واقعہ، قصہ
Meaning: a short, amusing or interesting story about a real incident
Synonyms: story, tale, account, yarn, narrative
Antonyms: (no true antonym)
Use: He began his speech with an anecdote about his school days.

39. ANIMOSITY (n.)

Urdu: دشمنی، عداوت
Meaning: strong hostility
Synonyms: hostility, enmity, antagonism, rancour, hatred
Antonyms: friendship, goodwill, amity
Use: There was no animosity between the rivals after the match.
🔁 CSS 2020

40. ANNEX (v./n.)

Urdu: الحاق کرنا، قبضہ کرنا؛ ضمیمہ
Meaning: to take territory and add it to one's own; an extra building or document
Synonyms: seize, occupy, take over, append, attach
Antonyms: release, cede, surrender, detach
Use: Israel's plan to annex the West Bank drew criticism.

41. ANNIHILATE (v.)

Urdu: نیست و نابود کرنا
Meaning: to destroy utterly
Synonyms: destroy, obliterate, eradicate, wipe out, exterminate
Antonyms: create, build, preserve, restore
Use: Nuclear war could annihilate humanity.
🔁 CSS 2011

42. ANNUL (v.)

Urdu: منسوخ کرنا، کالعدم قرار دینا
Meaning: to declare invalid
Synonyms: cancel, void, nullify, revoke, invalidate
Antonyms: validate, enact, confirm, ratify
Use: The court annulled the election result.

43. ANOMALY (n.)

Urdu: بے قاعدگی
Meaning: something that deviates from the norm
Synonyms: irregularity, aberration, oddity, exception
Antonyms: norm, regularity, consistency
Use: The auditors found anomalies in the payroll.
🔁 CSS 2019

44. ANTAGONISM (n.)

Urdu: مخالفت، دشمنی
Meaning: active hostility or opposition
Synonyms: hostility, opposition, enmity, rivalry, friction
Antonyms: friendship, cooperation, harmony, rapport
Use: Class antagonism fuelled the revolution.

45. ANTECEDENT (n./adj.)

Urdu: سابقہ، پیش رو، پہلے کا
Meaning: a thing that existed before; preceding
Synonyms: predecessor, forerunner, precursor, prior, earlier
Antonyms: successor, consequence, subsequent, later
Use: The Khilafat Movement was an antecedent of the Pakistan Movement.

46. ANTEDILUVIAN (adj.)

Urdu: نہایت پرانا، دقیانوسی
Meaning: ridiculously old-fashioned (literally, before the Great Flood)
Synonyms: antiquated, archaic, outdated, obsolete, prehistoric
Antonyms: modern, new, up-to-date, contemporary
Use: The office still uses antediluvian typewriters.

47. ANTHOLOGY (n.)

Urdu: انتخاب، مجموعۂ کلام
Meaning: a published collection of poems or other writings
Synonyms: collection, compilation, compendium, selection, treasury
Antonyms: (no true antonym)
Use: The anthology includes poems by Faiz and Faraz.

48. ANTIPATHY (n.)

Urdu: نفرت، بیزاری
Meaning: a deep-seated dislike
Synonyms: aversion, hostility, dislike, animosity
Antonyms: sympathy, affection, liking
Use: He had a lifelong antipathy to bureaucracy.

49. ANTIQUATED (adj.)

Urdu: پرانا، فرسودہ
Meaning: old-fashioned or outdated
Synonyms: outdated, obsolete, archaic, outmoded, dated
Antonyms: modern, current, new, up-to-date
Use: Our antiquated railway system needs investment.

50. ANTITHESIS (n.)

Urdu: ضد، برعکس، تضاد
Meaning: the direct opposite
Synonyms: opposite, reverse, contrary, converse, inverse
Antonyms: equivalent, same, epitome, likeness
Use: Dictatorship is the antithesis of democracy.