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compulsory · CSS study notes

Set 6 — Incongruous to Malleable

1. INCONGRUOUS (adj.)

  • Urdu: بے جوڑ، ناموزوں
  • Meaning: out of place; not in harmony
  • Synonyms: inappropriate, unsuitable, discordant, incompatible, odd
  • Antonyms: appropriate, fitting, harmonious, congruous
  • Use: A glass tower looks incongruous beside the old fort.

2. INDICT (v.)

  • Urdu: فردِ جرم عائد کرنا
  • Meaning: to formally charge with a crime
  • Synonyms: charge, accuse, arraign, prosecute, impeach
  • Antonyms: acquit, exonerate, absolve, clear
  • Use: The court indicted the accused on five counts.

3. INDIGENOUS (adj.)

  • Urdu: دیسی، مقامی
  • Meaning: originating naturally in a place
  • Synonyms: native, local, aboriginal, homegrown, original
  • Antonyms: foreign, imported, alien, exotic
  • Use: Pakistan should develop indigenous defence technology.

4. INDOLENT (adj.)

  • Urdu: کاہل، سست
  • Meaning: wanting to avoid work; lazy
  • Synonyms: lazy, idle, slothful, lethargic, work-shy
  • Antonyms: industrious, diligent, energetic, hardworking
  • Use: An indolent staff cannot deliver public services.

5. INEPT (adj.)

  • Urdu: نااہل، بے دھنگا
  • Meaning: having no skill; clumsy
  • Synonyms: incompetent, clumsy, bungling, unskilful, maladroit
  • Antonyms: competent, skilful, adept, capable
  • Use: Inept handling turned a small issue into a crisis.

6. INEXORABLE (adj.)

  • Urdu: ناقابلِ تردید، نہ رکنے والا
  • Meaning: impossible to stop or persuade
  • Synonyms: relentless, unstoppable, inevitable, unyielding, implacable
  • Antonyms: avoidable, stoppable, yielding, flexible
  • Use: Urbanisation has an inexorable logic.

7. INFALLIBLE (adj.)

  • Urdu: جو کبھی غلطی نہ کرے
  • Meaning: incapable of making mistakes
  • Synonyms: unerring, faultless, foolproof, reliable, certain
  • Antonyms: fallible, unreliable, imperfect, error-prone
  • Use: No institution is infallible.

8. INGENUOUS (adj.)

  • Urdu: سادہ لوح، بھولا بھالا
  • Meaning: innocent and unsuspecting; frank
  • Synonyms: naive, artless, guileless, innocent, candid
  • Antonyms: cunning, artful, disingenuous, sly
  • Use: His ingenuous reply amused the panel.
  • ⚠️ Trap: ingenuous (naive) ≠ ingenious (clever).

9. INHERENT (adj.)

  • Urdu: ذاتی، فطری
  • Meaning: existing as a natural part of something
  • Synonyms: intrinsic, innate, built-in, essential, ingrained
  • Antonyms: acquired, extrinsic, external, incidental
  • Use: There is an inherent risk in every investment.

10. INNOCUOUS (adj.)

  • Urdu: بے ضرر، بے خطر
  • Meaning: not harmful or offensive
  • Synonyms: harmless, inoffensive, benign, safe, mild
  • Antonyms: harmful, dangerous, noxious, offensive
  • Use: An innocuous remark was twisted by the media.

11. INSIDIOUS (adj.)

  • Urdu: خاموشی سے نقصان پہنچانے والا
  • Meaning: proceeding harmfully in a subtle way
  • Synonyms: stealthy, subtle, creeping, treacherous, pernicious
  • Antonyms: obvious, harmless, open, benign
  • Use: Inflation is an insidious tax on the poor.

12. INSIPID (adj.)

  • Urdu: بے ذائقہ، پھیکا
  • Meaning: lacking flavour or interest
  • Synonyms: bland, tasteless, dull, vapid, flat
  • Antonyms: tasty, interesting, stimulating, lively
  • Use: The drama's insipid dialogue put viewers off.

13. INSOLENT (adj.)

  • Urdu: گستاخ، بدتمیز
  • Meaning: rude and disrespectful
  • Synonyms: impertinent, impudent, cheeky, insulting, disrespectful
  • Antonyms: polite, respectful, courteous, deferential
  • Use: The insolent clerk argued with every visitor.

14. INTRANSIGENT (adj.)

  • Urdu: سخت گیر، نہ جھکنے والا
  • Meaning: refusing to change one's views
  • Synonyms: uncompromising, inflexible, obstinate, adamant, rigid
  • Antonyms: flexible, accommodating, compliant, amenable
  • Use: Both sides remained intransigent, so talks failed.

15. INTREPID (adj.)

  • Urdu: بے خوف، دلیر
  • Meaning: fearless and adventurous
  • Synonyms: brave, fearless, dauntless, bold, valiant
  • Antonyms: timid, fearful, cowardly, cautious
  • Use: Intrepid reporters covered the conflict zone.

16. INUNDATE (v.)

  • Urdu: ڈوب دینا؛ بھر دینا
  • Meaning: to flood; to overwhelm with a large quantity
  • Synonyms: flood, swamp, deluge, overwhelm, engulf
  • Antonyms: drain, dry, trickle
  • Use: The office was inundated with applications.

17. IRASCIBLE (adj.)

  • Urdu: تیز مزاج، جلد غصے میں آنے والا
  • Meaning: easily made angry
  • Synonyms: irritable, testy, hot-tempered, choleric, petulant
  • Antonyms: calm, placid, even-tempered, patient
  • Use: The irascible landlord quarrelled with every tenant.

18. ITINERANT (adj.)

  • Urdu: خانہ بدوش، پھرتا کام کرنے والا
  • Meaning: travelling from place to place for work
  • Synonyms: roving, nomadic, wandering, peripatetic, migrant
  • Antonyms: settled, stationary, permanent, resident
  • Use: Itinerant labourers follow the harvest season.

19. JUDICIOUS (adj.)

  • Urdu: دانشمندانہ، مناسب
  • Meaning: having or showing good judgement
  • Synonyms: wise, prudent, sensible, sound, considered
  • Antonyms: injudicious, foolish, rash, imprudent
  • Use: Judicious use of water can save the crop.

20. JUXTAPOSE (v.)

  • Urdu: آمنے سامنے رکھنا، موازنے کے لیے ساتھ رکھنا
  • Meaning: to place side by side for contrast
  • Synonyms: place side by side, contrast, compare, set against
  • Antonyms: separate, isolate, divide
  • Use: The essay juxtaposes rural and urban poverty.

21. LABYRINTH (n.)

  • Urdu: بھول بھلیاں، پیچیدہ نظام
  • Meaning: a maze; a complicated network
  • Synonyms: maze, network, tangle, web, complexity
  • Antonyms: straight path, simplicity
  • Use: Applicants get lost in a labyrinth of paperwork.

22. LACONIC (adj.)

  • Urdu: کم گو، مختصر گو
  • Meaning: using very few words
  • Synonyms: terse, concise, brief, succinct, curt
  • Antonyms: verbose, garrulous, wordy, long-winded
  • Use: His laconic "No comment" ended the press talk.

23. LANGUID (adj.)

  • Urdu: سست، نحیف، بے جان
  • Meaning: lacking energy; slow and relaxed
  • Synonyms: listless, lethargic, sluggish, languorous, unhurried
  • Antonyms: energetic, brisk, vigorous, lively
  • Use: The languid afternoon heat emptied the bazaar.

24. LATENT (adj.)

  • Urdu: پوشیدہ، مخفی (صلاحیت)
  • Meaning: existing but not yet visible or active
  • Synonyms: dormant, hidden, potential, concealed, undeveloped
  • Antonyms: active, manifest, evident, developed
  • Use: Our youth have enormous latent talent.

25. LAUD (v.)

  • Urdu: تعریف کرنا، سراہنا
  • Meaning: to praise highly
  • Synonyms: praise, extol, acclaim, commend, applaud
  • Antonyms: criticize, condemn, censure, disparage
  • Use: The UN lauded Pakistan's role in peacekeeping.

26. LETHARGIC (adj.)

  • Urdu: سست، کاہل
  • Meaning: lacking energy and enthusiasm
  • Synonyms: sluggish, torpid, listless, inactive, drowsy
  • Antonyms: energetic, alert, active, vigorous
  • Use: A lethargic bureaucracy cannot deliver reform.

27. LOQUACIOUS (adj.)

  • Urdu: باتونی
  • Meaning: tending to talk a great deal
  • Synonyms: talkative, garrulous, voluble, chatty, gabby
  • Antonyms: taciturn, reticent, silent, laconic
  • Use: The loquacious guest left no room for others to speak.

28. LUCID (adj.)

  • Urdu: واضح، صاف شفاف
  • Meaning: expressed clearly; easy to understand
  • Synonyms: clear, intelligible, coherent, comprehensible, transparent
  • Antonyms: confusing, obscure, muddled, unclear
  • Use: Write in lucid prose; the examiner has little time.

29. MAGNANIMOUS (adj.)

  • Urdu: عالی ظرف، فراخ دل
  • Meaning: generous, especially towards a rival
  • Synonyms: generous, forgiving, big-hearted, charitable, noble
  • Antonyms: petty, mean, vindictive, small-minded
  • Use: The winner was magnanimous in victory.

30. MALLEABLE (adj.)

  • Urdu: قابلِ تشکیل؛ آسانی سے متاثر ہونے والا
  • Meaning: able to be shaped; easily influenced
  • Synonyms: pliable, ductile, flexible; impressionable, adaptable
  • Antonyms: rigid, brittle; stubborn, inflexible
  • Use: Young minds are malleable, so curricula matter.