compulsory · CSS study notes

A-1 — Abase to Affable (50 words)

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Letter A, part 1: 50 words, from Abase to Affable.

1. ABASE (v.)

Urdu: ذلیل کرنا، رتبہ گھٹانا
Meaning: to lower in rank, dignity or esteem
Synonyms: humiliate, degrade, demean, belittle, debase
Antonyms: exalt, elevate, honour, dignify
Use: He refused to abase himself before the corrupt officer.

2. ABASH (v.)

Urdu: شرمندہ کرنا، خجل کرنا
Meaning: to make embarrassed or ashamed
Synonyms: embarrass, shame, humiliate, disconcert, mortify
Antonyms: embolden, encourage, reassure
Use: He was abashed when the teacher read his mistakes aloud.

3. ABATE (v.)

Urdu: کم ہونا، تھمنا
Meaning: to become less intense
Synonyms: subside, wane, diminish, ebb, lessen
Antonyms: intensify, escalate, increase, surge
Use: The floodwaters abated after three days.

4. ABDICATE (v.)

Urdu: تخت سے دستبردار ہونا، ذمہ داری چھوڑنا
Meaning: to give up a throne, power or responsibility
Synonyms: renounce, resign, relinquish, abandon, step down
Antonyms: assume, claim, seize, retain
Use: Edward VIII abdicated the British throne in 1936.

5. ABERRANT (adj.)

Urdu: معمول سے ہٹا ہوا، گمراہ
Meaning: departing from an accepted standard
Synonyms: deviant, abnormal, atypical, irregular, anomalous
Antonyms: normal, typical, standard, usual
Use: The doctor noticed aberrant cells in the sample.

6. ABERRATION (n.)

Urdu: انحراف، بے قاعدگی
Meaning: a departure from what is normal or expected
Synonyms: anomaly, deviation, irregularity, oddity, lapse
Antonyms: norm, regularity, conformity, standard
Use: The team's defeat was an aberration in a great season.

7. ABET (v.)

Urdu: (برے کام میں) مدد کرنا، اکسانا
Meaning: to encourage or assist in wrongdoing
Synonyms: aid, assist, incite, support, instigate
Antonyms: hinder, obstruct, discourage, prevent
Use: He was jailed for aiding and abetting the smugglers.
🔁 CSS 2023-S

8. ABEYANCE (n.)

Urdu: التواء، معطلی
Meaning: a state of temporary suspension
Synonyms: suspension, dormancy, pause, hold, recess
Antonyms: operation, force, continuation, activity
Use: The case is in abeyance until the new judge arrives.

9. ABHOR (v.)

Urdu: شدید نفرت کرنا، گھن کھانا
Meaning: to regard with disgust and hatred
Synonyms: detest, loathe, abominate, despise, hate
Antonyms: love, adore, admire, cherish
Use: I abhor cruelty to animals.

10. ABJECT (adj.)

Urdu: انتہائی بدحال، ذلیل
Meaning: extremely bad or wretched; without pride
Synonyms: wretched, miserable, hopeless, pitiful, destitute
Antonyms: dignified, proud, exalted, prosperous
Use: Millions live in abject poverty.
🔁 CSS 2026

11. ABJURE (v.)

Urdu: حلفاً ترک کرنا، منحرف ہونا
Meaning: to solemnly renounce a belief or claim
Synonyms: renounce, reject, forswear, repudiate, disavow
Antonyms: embrace, affirm, adopt, espouse
Use: The militant publicly abjured violence.

12. ABNEGATE (v.)

Urdu: انکار کرنا، اپنے آپ کو محروم رکھنا
Meaning: to renounce or reject something desired
Synonyms: renounce, relinquish, forgo, deny, surrender
Antonyms: indulge, accept, claim, retain
Use: Monks abnegate worldly pleasures.

13. ABOMINATE (v.)

Urdu: سخت نفرت کرنا
Meaning: to detest intensely
Synonyms: loathe, detest, abhor, despise, execrate
Antonyms: adore, love, cherish, admire
Use: She abominates hypocrisy.

14. ABORIGINAL (adj./n.)

Urdu: اصل باشندے، قدیم مقامی
Meaning: inhabiting a land from the earliest times
Synonyms: indigenous, native, original, autochthonous
Antonyms: foreign, immigrant, alien, introduced
Use: Aboriginal Australians have lived there for 60,000 years.

15. ABORTIVE (adj.)

Urdu: ناکام، بے نتیجہ
Meaning: failing to produce the intended result
Synonyms: failed, unsuccessful, fruitless, futile, vain
Antonyms: successful, fruitful, effective, productive
Use: The coup attempt proved abortive.

16. ABRASIVE (adj.)

Urdu: رگڑنے والا؛ تلخ مزاج
Meaning: rough, able to scrape; harsh in manner
Synonyms: harsh, rough, caustic, grating, abrupt
Antonyms: gentle, smooth, soothing, pleasant
Use: His abrasive style made him many enemies.

17. ABROGATE (v.)

Urdu: منسوخ کرنا، ختم کرنا (قانون)
Meaning: to repeal or do away with a law or agreement
Synonyms: repeal, revoke, annul, cancel, rescind
Antonyms: enact, establish, ratify, uphold
Use: India abrogated Article 370 in 2019.

18. ABSCOND (v.)

Urdu: فرار ہونا
Meaning: to leave secretly to escape the law
Synonyms: flee, escape, bolt, decamp, run off
Antonyms: stay, remain, surrender, appear
Use: The accused absconded before the hearing.

19. ABSOLVE (v.)

Urdu: بری کرنا، معاف کرنا
Meaning: to declare free from guilt or blame
Synonyms: acquit, exonerate, clear, pardon, vindicate
Antonyms: blame, condemn, convict, accuse
Use: The inquiry absolved the pilot of any error.

20. ABSTAIN (v.)

Urdu: پرہیز کرنا، باز رہنا
Meaning: to refrain from something; not to vote
Synonyms: refrain, desist, forgo, avoid, eschew
Antonyms: indulge, partake, engage, participate
Use: Five members abstained in the vote.

21. ABSTEMIOUS (adj.)

Urdu: کم خور، معتدل، پرہیزگار
Meaning: not self-indulgent, especially in eating and drinking
Synonyms: moderate, temperate, frugal, sober, self-denying
Antonyms: gluttonous, indulgent, intemperate, greedy
Use: His abstemious diet kept him fit at eighty.

22. ABSTRUSE (adj.)

Urdu: دقیق، مشکل
Meaning: difficult to understand
Synonyms: obscure, recondite, esoteric, arcane, complex
Antonyms: clear, simple, lucid, obvious
Use: The philosopher's abstruse theories puzzled readers.

23. ABUT (v.)

Urdu: ملحق ہونا، سرحد ملانا
Meaning: to be next to or share a boundary with
Synonyms: adjoin, border, touch, neighbour, verge on
Antonyms: be separated from, be distant from
Use: Our house abuts the canal road.

24. ABYSMAL (adj.)

Urdu: انتہائی برا، بے حد گہرا
Meaning: extremely bad; very deep
Synonyms: dreadful, appalling, terrible, dire, woeful
Antonyms: excellent, superb, outstanding, admirable
Use: The team's batting was abysmal.

25. ACCEDE (v.)

Urdu: مان لینا، قبول کرنا؛ عہدے پر فائز ہونا
Meaning: to agree to a demand; to take up an office
Synonyms: agree, consent, assent, comply, accept
Antonyms: refuse, reject, deny, oppose
Use: The government acceded to the teachers' demands.

26. ACCENTUATE (v.)

Urdu: نمایاں کرنا، زور دینا
Meaning: to make more noticeable or prominent
Synonyms: emphasise, highlight, stress, underline, heighten
Antonyms: diminish, minimise, downplay, understate
Use: Inflation accentuated the gap between rich and poor.

27. ACCESSIBLE (adj.)

Urdu: قابلِ رسائی، آسانی سے میسر
Meaning: able to be reached, entered or understood
Synonyms: reachable, available, approachable, understandable
Antonyms: inaccessible, remote, unreachable, obscure
Use: Online courses make education accessible to rural youth.

28. ACCLAIM (v./n.)

Urdu: سراہنا، تعریف
Meaning: to praise enthusiastically and publicly
Synonyms: praise, applaud, hail, laud, celebrate
Antonyms: criticise, condemn, censure, denounce
Use: The novel won critical acclaim.

29. ACCOLADE (n.)

Urdu: اعزاز، خراجِ تحسین
Meaning: an award or expression of praise
Synonyms: honour, award, tribute, praise, laurel
Antonyms: criticism, censure, disgrace
Use: The scientist received the nation's highest accolade.

30. ACCOST (v.)

Urdu: راستہ روک کر بات کرنا، چھیڑنا
Meaning: to approach and address boldly or aggressively
Synonyms: confront, approach, waylay, hail, stop
Antonyms: avoid, ignore, shun, evade
Use: A stranger accosted her in the market.

31. ACCRETION (n.)

Urdu: بتدریج اضافہ، جماؤ
Meaning: growth by gradual accumulation
Synonyms: accumulation, build-up, increase, addition, deposit
Antonyms: decrease, erosion, reduction, loss
Use: Islands formed by the accretion of silt.

32. ACERBIC (adj.)

Urdu: تلخ، طنزیہ
Meaning: sharp and forthright in speech
Synonyms: caustic, biting, sharp, sardonic, trenchant
Antonyms: mild, kind, gentle, sweet
Use: Her acerbic review angered the director.

33. ACME (n.)

Urdu: عروج، انتہا، چوٹی
Meaning: the highest point of achievement or excellence
Synonyms: peak, pinnacle, zenith, summit, apex
Antonyms: nadir, bottom, low point, base
Use: The Mughal Empire reached its acme under Akbar.

34. ACQUIESCE (v.)

Urdu: خاموشی سے مان لینا
Meaning: to accept reluctantly without protest
Synonyms: comply, consent, submit, yield, agree
Antonyms: resist, oppose, defy, protest
Use: He acquiesced to his father's decision.
🔁 CSS 2024

35. ACRID (adj.)

Urdu: تیز و تلخ (بو)، کڑوا
Meaning: unpleasantly bitter or pungent
Synonyms: pungent, bitter, sharp, harsh, stinging
Antonyms: sweet, fragrant, mild, pleasant
Use: Acrid smoke rose from the burning tyres.

36. ACRIMONIOUS (adj.)

Urdu: تلخ، تند
Meaning: angry and bitter
Synonyms: bitter, hostile, rancorous, caustic, spiteful
Antonyms: friendly, amicable, cordial, harmonious
Use: The talks broke down in acrimonious exchanges.
🔁 CSS 2010

37. ACUMEN (n.)

Urdu: فراست، زیرکی
Meaning: the ability to make good judgements quickly
Synonyms: shrewdness, insight, astuteness, perspicacity
Antonyms: stupidity, ignorance, folly, dullness
Use: Her financial acumen saved the company.

38. ADAMANT (adj.)

Urdu: اڑیل، ضدی، ثابت قدم
Meaning: refusing to be persuaded or to change one's mind
Synonyms: unyielding, firm, resolute, inflexible, stubborn
Antonyms: flexible, yielding, compliant, irresolute
Use: He was adamant that he had done nothing wrong.

39. ADEPT (adj.)

Urdu: ماہر، ہنرمند
Meaning: very skilled or proficient
Synonyms: skilful, expert, proficient, adroit, deft
Antonyms: inept, clumsy, unskilled, incompetent
Use: She is adept at negotiating difficult deals.

40. ADHERE (v.)

Urdu: چمٹنا؛ پابندی کرنا
Meaning: to stick fast; to follow a rule or belief
Synonyms: stick, cling, follow, observe, comply
Antonyms: detach, separate, disobey, violate
Use: All students must adhere to the dress code.

41. ADMONISH (v.)

Urdu: تنبیہ کرنا، سرزنش کرنا
Meaning: to warn or reprimand firmly
Synonyms: reprimand, rebuke, caution, scold, reprove
Antonyms: praise, commend, encourage
Use: The referee admonished the player for time-wasting.

42. ADORN (v.)

Urdu: سجانا، آراستہ کرنا
Meaning: to make more beautiful or attractive
Synonyms: decorate, embellish, ornament, beautify, garnish
Antonyms: strip, disfigure, mar, deface
Use: Truck art adorns vehicles across Pakistan.

43. ADROIT (adj.)

Urdu: چابک دست، ماہر
Meaning: clever or skilful in using the hands or mind
Synonyms: skilful, deft, dexterous, adept, nimble
Antonyms: clumsy, inept, awkward, maladroit
Use: An adroit diplomat defused the crisis.
🔁 CSS 2023-S (adroitness)

44. ADULATION (n.)

Urdu: حد سے زیادہ تعریف، خوشامد
Meaning: excessive admiration or praise
Synonyms: flattery, adoration, worship, idolisation, praise
Antonyms: criticism, contempt, disdain, censure
Use: The film star enjoyed the adulation of fans.

45. ADULTERATE (v.)

Urdu: ملاوٹ کرنا
Meaning: to make impure by adding inferior substances
Synonyms: contaminate, debase, taint, dilute, corrupt
Antonyms: purify, refine, cleanse
Use: Spices are often adulterated with brick powder.

46. ADVERSARY (n.)

Urdu: مخالف، دشمن، حریف
Meaning: an opponent in a contest or conflict
Synonyms: opponent, rival, enemy, foe, antagonist
Antonyms: ally, friend, supporter, partner
Use: He shook hands with his political adversary.

47. ADVERSE (adj.)

Urdu: ناموافق، مضر
Meaning: preventing success; harmful or unfavourable
Synonyms: unfavourable, harmful, hostile, negative, detrimental
Antonyms: favourable, beneficial, positive, helpful
Use: Smog has adverse effects on health.
Trap: averse = unwilling.

48. ADVOCATE (v./n.)

Urdu: حمایت کرنا؛ وکیل، حامی
Meaning: to publicly support; a supporter or lawyer
Synonyms: champion, support, promote, endorse, proponent
Antonyms: oppose, criticise, opponent, critic
Use: Iqbal advocated self-reliance for Muslims.

49. AESTHETIC (adj.)

Urdu: جمالیاتی
Meaning: concerned with beauty
Synonyms: artistic, tasteful, elegant, beautiful
Antonyms: unaesthetic, ugly, tasteless
Use: The garden was designed with aesthetic care.

50. AFFABLE (adj.)

Urdu: ملنسار، خوش مزاج
Meaning: friendly and easy to talk to
Synonyms: amiable, genial, cordial, friendly, approachable
Antonyms: surly, aloof, unfriendly, cold
Use: The affable shopkeeper offered us tea.