mpt · CSS study notes
Sanaye — Rhetorical/Literary Devices
Confirmed recurring devices (asked 2025 & 2026)
| Device (Urdu) | Transliteration | English gloss | Past-paper context |
|---|---|---|---|
| تجاہلِ عارفانہ | Tajahul-e-Arifana | feigned ignorance used for rhetorical effect | 2025 Q1: "اس شعر میں کون سی صنعت استعمال ہوئی ہے؟" → تجاہلِ عارفانہ (the couplet's exact text was not legible in the source scan) |
| تجنیسِ تام | Tajnees-e-Taam | complete paronomasia — words identical in form but different in meaning | 2025 Q3: "علم بدیع کی کون سی صنعت اس شعر میں پائی جاتی ہے؟" → صنعت تجنیس تام |
| صنعتِ تضاد (also صنعتِ طباق / Sanat-e-Tibaq) | Sanat-e-Tazad | use of contrasting/opposite words (antithesis) | 2025 Q2 ("صنعت طباق" کا دوسرا نام → صنعت تضاد) and 2026 Q15 ("کلام میں متضاد الفاظ کا استعمال" → صنعتِ تضاد) |
| لف و نشر | Laf-o-Nashr | a device that lists several items, then unpacks/matches them again in the same order | confirmed recurring cluster per the study-priority notes on the past-paper page |
| ایہام | Ieham | ambiguity — a word deliberately carrying two possible meanings at once | confirmed recurring cluster per the study-priority notes on the past-paper page |
2027 prediction — an untested device worth adding now
| Device (Urdu) | Transliteration | English gloss | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| صنعتِ مراعات النظیر | Sanat-e-Mura'at-un-Nazeer | grouping together words that belong to the same class/category | Predicted only — fits the same family as the five confirmed devices above but has not yet appeared in the 2022–2026 papers |
Where Sanaye meets poetry
FPSC increasingly embeds a Sanaye question inside an actual couplet (شعر) rather than asking for a bare definition. The couplet text itself was not recoverable from the 2025/26 source scans, but the poetic forms and poets these questions surround — Rubai, Masnavi, Devan — are covered on Poetry & Literary Terms. Study the two pages together, since a single question can now test both the poetic form AND the rhetorical device in the same couplet.