mpt · CSS study notes
Grammar Basics (Ism, Muzakkar/Muannas, Murakkab, Imla)
Ism (اسم) — Noun Types
| Term (Urdu) | Transliteration | Meaning | Past-paper context |
|---|---|---|---|
| اسم ضمیر | Ism-e-Zameer (pronoun) | a word used in place of a noun/name | 2022: "وہ الفاظ جو اسم کی جگہ استعمال کیے جاتے ہیں" → ضمیر. 2026: "وہ اسم جو کسی نام کی جگہ استعمال ہو" → اسم ضمیر |
| مشتق | Mushtaq (derivative) | a word derived from another word | 2022: "اس لفظ کو کیا کہتے ہیں جو کسی دوسرے لفظ سے نکلا ہو؟" → مشتق |
| اسم نکرہ | Ism-e-Nakira (indefinite/common noun) | a general/common noun, not a specific name | 2022 & 2024: grammar question built around "کھاٹ سے کھٹولا" tests a sub-type of Ism-e-Nakira |
| اسم مصغر | Ism-e-Musaghar (diminutive) | the smaller/lesser form of a noun | 2022: answer to the کھٹولا question — کھاٹ (cot) → کھٹولا (small cot) is a diminutive |
Muzakkar / Muannas (مذکر/مؤنث) — Gender Identification
FPSC repeatedly tests recognizing or converting the grammatical gender of a word — 2022, 2024, and 2026 all included this.
| Word | Gender | Paired form | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| بندرگاہ (bandargah, port) | Masculine (مذکر) | — | 2022 |
| سنسکرت (Sanskrit) | Feminine (مؤنث) | — | 2022 |
| وارث (warith, heir) | Masculine → Feminine | وارثہ (waritha) | 2026 |
| بکری (bakri, she-goat) | Feminine → Masculine | بکرا (bakra) | 2026 |
Study tip: many Arabic/Persian loan words carry grammatical gender that does not match English intuition (place names, abstract nouns like بندرگاہ or سنسکرت). Memorize these exceptions individually rather than by a general rule.
Murakkab (مرکب) — Compound Types
| Term (Urdu) | English gloss | Past-paper context |
|---|---|---|
| مرکب ظروف (Murakkab Zaroof) | an incomplete compound (مرکب ناقص) formed of an adverb (ظرف) plus its object (مظروف) | 2025: "وہ مرکب ناقص جو ظرف اور مظروف سے مل کر بنے" → مرکب ظروف |
| معطوف (Ma'toof) | when a conjunction (حرفِ عطف) links two words, the first word is called Ma'toof | 2025: "جن الفاظ کے درمیان حرفِ عطف آئے، پہلے لفظ کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟" → معطوف |
| حروفِ تخصیص (Huroof-e-Takhsees) | particles that lend specificity to a noun or verb | 2025: "وہ حروف جو اسم یا فعل کے ساتھ خصوصیت پیدا کریں" → حروفِ تخصیص |
Imla (املا) — Spelling Rules
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Correct spelling test (2022 Q4): عبدالرحمان is the FPSC-confirmed correct spelling among near-identical options. FPSC's Imla questions tend to test compound proper names (Abdul + Rahman style) and how they are correctly joined/spelled — practice spotting the single correct form among visually similar distractors.
Related vocabulary from past papers (Muradif/Mutazad)
| Word | Relation | Counterpart | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| خرد (khirad, reason/wisdom) | Antonym (متضاد) | جنوں (junoon, madness) | 2022 |
| عروج (urooj, rise) | Antonym (متضاد) | زوال (zawal, decline) | 2026 |
| ہجر (hijr, separation) | Synonym (مترادف) | فراق (firaq) | 2022 |
| مشاہرہ (mushahira) | Synonym (ہم معنی) | تنخواہ (tankhwah, salary) | 2022 & 2026 (repeat) |
See also
Grammar and gender-marking terms (like مؤنث endings) recur when identifying nouns inside couplets — see Sanaye — Rhetorical/Literary Devices for how the same skill is tested through poetry.