Section IV — Modern Concepts in Contemporary Criminology (25 Marks)

📋 Section outline (click a heading below to jump)

Section overview

Covers contemporary and Pakistan-specific criminological issues: terrorism, media's role in shaping crime perception, modern policing strategies (intelligence-led, community, public-private partnership), gender and crime, urbanization and organized/white-collar crime, human rights abuses, money laundering, cybercrime, and the institutional roles of NAB, FIA and ANF.

Why this section matters

This is the highest-yield section for current, Pakistan-specific 20-mark essays (terrorism, cybercrime, money laundering almost always feature). Expect questions demanding recent statistics, named laws (PECA 2016, AMLA 2010), and named institutions.

Chapters (in syllabus sequence)

• Chapter 13a — Role of NAB, FIA, ANF & Anti-Money Laundering Regime
• Chapter 13b — Terrorism, Radicalism & War on Terror
• Chapter 13c — Media, Gender, Cyber Crime, Modern Policing & Crime Situation Analysis