Section III — Criminal Investigation & Policing (25 Marks)

📋 Section outline (click a heading below to jump)

Section overview

Covers the technical and procedural side of criminology: principles and methods of criminal investigation, interviewing/interrogation and forensic techniques, the legal/ethical limits on investigators (search, seizure, arrest), and international policing bodies.

Why this section matters

This is the most "applied" section — examiners test procedural knowledge (stages of investigation, chain of custody, Miranda-type safeguards under Pakistani law) and institutional knowledge (INTERPOL vs EUROPOL vs UNODC mandates), often as short-answer-style parts within a 20-mark question.

Chapters (in syllabus sequence)

• Chapter 9 — Criminal Investigation
• Chapter 10 — Techniques of Investigations
• Chapter 11 — Legal and Ethical Guidelines for Investigators
• Chapter 12 — International Policing & Criminal Justice Monitoring Organizations