mpt · CSS study notes
ICT/Computers Basic (GK)
Networking & protocols
| Term | Meaning / fact | Year |
|---|---|---|
| DHCP | Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol — auto-assigns IP addresses to devices on a network | 2023 Special |
| Fastest Wi-Fi standard (of the given past-paper options) | 802.11n (note: 802.11ac and 802.11ax/"Wi-Fi 6" are newer real-world standards — FPSC may update this option set in 2027) | 2023 Special |
| I/O Ports | Components connecting a computer to external peripherals | 2025 |
AI, Machine Learning & NLP
| Term | Definition | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Artificial Intelligence (AI) | Broad field of building systems that mimic intelligent behavior | 2026 |
| Machine Learning (ML) | Sub-area of AI — general pattern-learning from data | 2026 |
| Natural Language Processing (NLP) | AI branch for understanding/processing human language (vs. Computer Vision = images) | 2025 |
Computer memory & hardware
| Type | Fact | Year |
|---|---|---|
| ROM | Most common non-volatile computer memory (retains data without power) | 2025 |
| RAM | Volatile — loses data on power-off | 2025 (context) |
| Cache | Volatile — loses data on power-off | 2025 (context) |
| Drum printers | A type of line printer — print a whole line at once | 2026 |
| Microphone | Generates an analogue signal, converted to digital by an ADC | 2026 |
See also
- Abbreviations (GK) (DHCP, AI, ML, NLP, RAM, ROM, I/O, ADC spelled out)
- Pakistan Facts (GK)
- World Facts (GK)
- Science Basic (GK)
- World Geography — 09 Aug 2026
- Past Paper MCQs (2022–2026) + 2027 Prep (source of every fact above)