compulsory · CSS study notes
🔊 Audio — Hear Every Sound & Drill
Note: the sounds themselves can't be stored as files here, so this page uses live links instead. Every link below opens audio you can play immediately — either a clickable IPA chart or real native speakers saying the exact word in video. Tap, listen, repeat, move on.
1. Clickable IPA Charts — Hear Every Sound
Tap any symbol on these charts to hear it. Use them alongside the phonetics tables on the parent page.
| Resource | Best for |
|---|---|
| American IPA Chart | Start here. General American only, colour-coded vowels, audio on every symbol |
| Interactive IPA Chart (UK + US) | All 44 sounds on the proper vowel quadrilateral; switch between British and American |
| IPA Chart App | Sound + sample word together, with articulation notes |
| Ohio State University IPA Charts | University-made, no ads, very clean |
| Pronunciation Checker — IPA Sounds | Ear-training mode for distinguishing similar sounds |
Drill: open the American chart, tap /ə/ ten times, then tap /ʌ/, /ɪ/, /æ/. These four are where most of your vowel errors live.
2. YouGlish — Hear Real Natives Say the Word
This is the most useful tool on the page. YouGlish finds real YouTube clips of Americans saying a word in a natural sentence — not a dictionary robot voice. Tap a link, listen, hit next for another speaker.
Your problem sounds
| Target | Listen |
|---|---|
| Flat /t/ (not retroflex) | today · time · student |
| Flat /d/ | doctor · detail |
| Flapping | water · better · little · city |
| American R | teacher · world · bird · further |
| /θ/ and /ð/ | think · three · mother |
| /v/ vs /w/ | very · what · village |
| Schwa reduction | support · computer · banana |
| Swallowed syllables | comfortable · vegetable · interesting · chocolate |
| S-clusters (no is-) | school · speak · station |
| Word stress | development · hospital · necessary |
| /z/ not /j/ | zero · measure |
Connected speech phrases
These show the linking and reduction happening in real speech:
what are you doing · I don't know · a lot of · going to be · let me know · get back to you · kind of · I should have · what do you think · hold on a second
Any word works. Just replace the end of the link:
youglish.com/pronounce/YOUR-WORD/english/us
3. Dictionary Audio (Single Words, Fast)
When you only need one clean reference pronunciation:
- Cambridge — gives both UK and US audio side by side:
dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/WORD - Merriam-Webster — American only, very clear:
merriam-webster.com/dictionary/WORD - Forvo — ordinary native speakers, multiple accents per word:
forvo.com/word/WORD/
Cambridge is the best habit to build: it shows the IPA transcription next to the audio, so you connect symbol → sound every time you look something up.
4. Articulation Videos — See Inside the Mouth
For the sounds you physically can't produce yet (American R, /θ/, /æ/), watching tongue position matters more than listening.
- Sounds of Speech (University of Iowa) — animated articulatory diagrams for every American English sound. The old website closed when Flash ended; it now exists as an iOS/Android app. Search "Sounds of Speech" in the Play Store.
- Search YouTube for "Rachel's English" + the sound name — free, and she films close-ups of mouth position for each phoneme.
5. How to Put Your Own Audio Inside Notion
You can store actual audio files on these pages — it just has to come from you:
- Record yourself on your phone (voice recorder app) saying a drill block.
- In Notion, type
/audioon a new line → Upload → pick the file. - It becomes a playable bar inside the page.
Why this is worth doing: record the same paragraph on day 1 and day 30, drop both into this page, and play them back to back. Progress in accent work is invisible day to day and obvious across a month.
You can also paste a YouTube or SoundCloud link on its own line and choose Embed — it plays inside Notion without leaving the page.
6. The Listening Routine
| Step | Time | What to do |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 min | Open the sound of the week on the American IPA chart. Tap it 10×. |
| 2 | 5 min | Open 3 YouGlish links for that sound. Listen to 5 speakers each. Don't repeat yet — just listen. |
| 3 | 5 min | Now shadow: play, pause, copy. Copy the melody, not just the sound. |
| 4 | 3 min | Record yourself saying the same words. Play native → yours → native. |
The rule that makes this work: you cannot produce a sound you cannot hear. Spend the first week listening far more than speaking. Ear first, mouth second.